计算机组成与结构：chapter11 Instruction SetsAddressing Modes and Formats.pptVIP

11.1 Addressing types Def.: a method to determine the data address in the current instruction or next instruction address Depends on CPU hardware and affects instruction format and function Two types Instruction addressing Sequence addressing Jump addressing Data addressing Addressing Modes Immediate Direct Indirect Register implicit Register Indirect Displacement (Indexed) Stack Immediate Addressing Operand is part of instruction, Operand = address e.g. ADD 5 Add 5 to contents of accumulator 5 is operand When it is loaded into a data register, the sign bit is extended to the left to fulfill data word size The simplest addressing mode, no need to access memory or cache Fast Limited range Applications: Define and use constants Set initial values of variable Immediate Addressing Diagram Direct Addressing Address field contains effective address of operand Effective address (EA) = address field (A) e.g. MOV A, [1070H] Move the content of address 1070H to A 1070H is a memory address. Single memory reference to access data No additional calculations to work out effective address Limited address space Direct Addressing Diagram Implicit Addressing The address of operand is not explicitly presented, it hides in the opcode or a special register, such as AC ADD 5 Indirect Addressing Memory cell pointed to by address field contains the address of (pointer to) the operand EA = (A) Look in A, find address (A) and look there for operand e.g. load (A) load the content of the address that the content of memory address A point to accumulator AC. Large address space 2n where n = word length May be nested, multilevel, cascaded e.g. EA = (((A))) No gains Draw the diagram yourself Multiple memory accesses to find operand Hence slower Indirect Addressing Diagram Register Addressing Operand is held in register named in address filed EA = R Limited number of registers Very small address field: 3~4bits Shorter instructions Faster