《无机化学》课件-185_chapter22-CopperandZincgroupmetals-lecture2.pptVIP

Group 12 of the Periodic Table include Zinc, Cadmium and Mercury. These metals tend to have properties characteristic of elements with full subshells, which includes having low melting and boiling points (due to the weak metallic bonding of the ns2 electrons) and charges of +2 or +1.22-2 Zinc group elements Zinc (Zn) is a blue-white metal of moderate strength, hardness and ductility. Zinc is one of the least common elements and is mostly produced through electrolysis of aqueous zinc sulfate. About one third of all metallic zinc is used to manufacture galvanized nails. Because of its low melting point and its ability to form bonds with iron or steel, it serves to coat the metal and protect it from corrosion. Metallic zinc is also used to make dry cell batteries. ?????????????????????22-2 Zinc group elements Zinc vapor burns in air with a green flame, forming zinc oxide. Zinc oxide is a common zinc compound that is used in paints, cosmetics, plastics and more.?Metallic zinc reacts with weak acids very slowly. Sulfur has a strong affinity for zinc. When heated, the two powders react explosively to form zinc sulfide. Zinc sulfide is used to make television screens and fluorescent light bulbs. Zinc also reacts with halogens. However, as the electronegativity decreases among the halogen group, the reactivity with zinc decreases. Thus, the most electronegative of the halogens (Fluorine) reacts to zinc violently, while the less electronegative halogen (Iodine) only generates a small amount of heat. 22-2 Zinc group elements Interestingly, properties of zinc are strongly affected by impurities such as lead, cadmium and iron. Also, zinc is most often used as a reducing agent in chemical reactions and it forms complex ions with ammonia and cyanide ions.? Cadmium (Cd) is a unique metal that was first found in zinc dust. Cadmium usually occurs in zinc ores and it even less common than zinc. Cadmium has never been found by itself in nature; it is always combined with other elem