高教社Geology Applied to Civil Engineering 土木工程地质教学课件11 第八章 Deris flow.pptx

西南交通大学 翟新乐8.2 Debris flowGeology Applied to Civil Engineering 123contentsDistribution and harmfulness of debris flowFormation conditions of debris flowConcept and characteristics of debris flow4Classification of debris flow5Prevention and control measures of debris flow6Railway route selection in a debris flow area2 31 Concept and characteristics of debris flowDebris flow is a special torrent of solid masses consisting of mud, silt, sand, gravel and boulder, which is usually characterized by a sudden occurrence, extreme destruction and extensive distribution. It occurs and surges out of gullies in response to gravitational attraction, when masses of poorly sorted sediment are saturated and agitated by water during rainstorm or heavy precipitation. Typical debris flow 1 Concept and characteristics of debris flowDebris flow occurs suddenly under the condition of heavy rainfall or large-scale snow melting. Once the debris flow bursts out, it instantly surges out along the gully as a “hot-tempered Chinese dragon”. Finally, it can cease on the gentle terrace at the exit of the gully. During this process, there are always vacating dust, tumbling rock, splashing mud, roaring thunder and shaking ground. The specified performances or fluid features of debris flow include the formation of wave front, running up on slopes, super-elevation around bends, great impact, fierce erosion to the gully, the accumulated ridge and small hill.4 2 Distribution and harmfulness of debris flowDistribution of debris flowDebris flow is a typical type of geological disasters mostly distributed in the mountainous area of north latitude ranging from 30° to 50°, such as China, Japan, the United States, Russia, France and Italy. In this latitude zone, there are mainly compressional orogenic belts and seismic belts, especially the structural fracture zones, such as the Pacific Mountains, the Himalayas Mountains, the Kunlun-Qinling Mountains and the Alps Mountains.Harmfulness of debris flowDebris fl