高教社Geology Applied to Civil Engineering 土木工程地质教学课件6 第五章 Engineering properties of rocks.pptx

西南交通大学5 Engineering properties of rocksGeology Applied to Civil Engineering 123contentsHydraulic properties of rocksMechanical properties of rocksPhysical properties of rocks4Rock mass strength 1 Physical properties of rocksSpecific gravity of a rock is a dimensionless number expressing of the ratio between the mass (or weight) of the solid and that of an equal volume of water at the temperature of 4℃. The specific gravity (SpG) of rock depends on the SpG value of minerals making up the rock and their proportion. The specific of rock is about 2.6, up to 3.3.Mass density is equal to the specific gravity multiplied by the density of water, which yields the maximum mass per unit volume the solid can exhibit as it assumes that no pores are present. Unit weight is used in many calculations rather than density, which can be obtained from density by multiplying the value of gravity. Unit weight of a rock is determined by the specific weight of minerals in the rock, the porosity and water content of the rock.If there is no water in the rock pores, we get dry unit weight, while we get saturated unit weight if the pores in the rock are full of water. 1 Physical properties of rocksVoid ratio (noted as e) of the rock is the volume of pores in a rock divided by the volume of solid.Porosity (noted as n) is the volume of the pores divided by the total volume of solid including the pore volume. ???Calculate (5-1) and (5-2) ：n=e/(1+e), e=n/(1-n) (5-3) 1 Physical properties of rocksThe porosity of a rock mainly depends on the structure and texture of the rock, while affected by weathering degree, magma activity, tectonic motion, metamorphism and diagenetic age. For example, the clastic sedimentary rocks at more recent diagenetic age with worse cementation have bigger porosity.Generally, the porosity of crystalline rock is less than that of amorphous rock, usually no more than 3%.RockSpecific gravitydsIgneousGranite2.50-2.8423.0-28.00.04-2.80Syenite2.50-2.90