高教社Geology Applied to Civil Engineering 土木工程地质教学课件7 第六章 Rock Weathering and Soil Properties.pptx

西南交通大学6 Rock Weathering and Soil PropertiesGeology Applied to Civil Engineering 123contentsFactors controlling weatheringWeathering degree evaluationTypes of rock weathering4 Engineering classification of rock and soil5 Engineering properties of special soil 1 Types of rock weatheringAccording to the factors causing rock weathering, it can be divided into three types, and each type has different weathering forms and characteristics of weathering products.Physical weatheringChemical weatheringBiological weathering 1.1 Physical weathering(1) Expansion with heat and contraction with coldThis action is caused by temperature changes, which is very popular in the areas with large temperature difference between daytime and night. The temperature difference on the rock surface is much larger than that inside the rock, which causes uneven expansion and contraction(2) Frost wedgingFrost wedging refers to the rock fracture caused by water freezing. When the temperature dropped below zero, water in the rock fractures is frozen to ice followed by its volume expansion of about 9%. The volume expansion induces big pressure on the rock around the fractures and makes the fractures wider and deeper.(3) crystallization expansionIt refers to the rock fracture caused by the crystallization of salts. The salts in the solution in rock voids or fractures may crystallize due to water evaporation or temperature reduction. 1.2 Chemical weathering(1) DissolutionAs the minerals in rock are dissolved, the porosity of the rock increases and the bond between particles is weakened. (2) HydrationHydration is the process that minerals combine with water to form new minerals. (3) OxidationOxidation refers to the reaction of minerals with oxygen to form new minerals.(4) CarbonationIt is a solution weathering process that is caused by the minerals in the rocks reacting with water containing a considerable amount of carbon dioxide. 1.3 Biological weatheringIt refers to the weathering of rocks induced by