高教社Geology Applied to Civil Engineering 土木工程地质教学课件10 第八章 Rockfall and Landslide.pptx

1西南交通大学8.1 Rockfall and LandslideGeology Applied to Civil Engineering 123contentsStability evaluation of unstable rock Structural countermeasure for rockfallConcept, formation and classification of rockfall4Concept and morphological characteristics of landslides5Formation and classification of landslides6Field identification and stability evaluation of landslides2 31 Concept, formation and classification of rockfallRockfalls, as one of the common types of geological hazards in mountains, coasts, traffic corridors and opencast quarries, have the characteristics of wide distribution, sudden failure, concealment and severity. Four characteristics of rockfalls: (1) the movement of rockfalls does not occur along a fixed plane or zone; (2) the fierce impact on the ground can cause the original integrity of detached rock masses completely destroyed and therefore the structure of talus would be loose, in disorder, unstratified and porous; (3) the smaller fragments can travel longer distance compared to the larger ones, resulting in a certain degree of sorting in the horizontal direction; (4) the vertical displacement of rockfalls is greater than the horizontal one.Sorting of fragments of a falling rock from impact point to margin 41 Concept, formation and classification of rockfallGeomorphic condition: rockfalls usually occur on the steep slope of a valley, at the concave bank of a river or a gully, at the steep cliff of a coastline. Stratigraphic lithological condition: in general, a large-scale rockfall is prone to develop in the hard rock such as magmatic rocks, metamorphic rocks and sedimentary ones (carbonate rock, quartz sandstone, conglomerate).Tectonic conditions: when the railway line is parallel to and nearby the regional fault, rockfalls on the excavated slope are widespread and serious because of the great geostress and dense structure planes. 51 Concept, formation and classification of rockfallHydrogeological conditions: the groundwater and infiltrated surfa