高教社Geology Applied to Civil Engineering 土木工程地质教学课件12 第九章 Geological Problems in Tunnel Engineering.pptx

西南交通大学9 Geological problems in tunnel engineeringGeology Applied to Civil Engineering 123contentsNatural stress The deformation and failure of underground excavation Structural features of rock mass 4Evaluation method of surrounding rock stability 1 Structural Features of Rock MassRock mass usually refers to the natural geological body, which is composed of the structural plane network and rock block in a certain geological environment. The rock mass is the total in situ medium containing bedding planes, faults, joints, folds and other structural features. Rock differs from most other engineering materials because it contains fractures of one type or another which renders its structure discontinuously. Rock masses often have heterogeneous, inelastic and anisotropic engineering properties. The nature and distribution of structural features within the rock mass are known as the rock structure. We should not equate the concept of rock mass to rock under any circumstances. 1.1 Rock Mass 1.2 Structure PlaneStructural plane is a discontinuous geological interface or belt in a rock mass, usually with a certain extension direction and a relatively small thickness. It is common in rock mechanics to use the term discontinuity as a collective term for all fractures or features in a rock mass such as joints, faults, shears, weak bedding planes and contacts that have zero or relatively low tensile strengths. Based on geological origin of the structural feature, structural plane can be classified into three categories: sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic structural plane.Tectonic structural planes are produced by the geological formation movement with different characteristic, such as joints, faults. Secondary structural planes were generated during the volcanic reconstruction by unloading, blasting, and wind action, solution. 1.3 Rock Mass ClassificationThe mechanical properties and stability of rock mass are largely determined by the engineering properties of structural plane