高教社Geology Applied to Civil Engineering 土木工程地质教学课件5 第四章 Geologic processes of groundwater.pptx

西南交通大学4.2 Geological processes of groundwaterGeology Applied to Civil Engineering 12contentsHydraulic properties of soil and rockThe states of water in the soil and rock3Physical properties of Groundwater4The basic classification of Groundwater5The geologic process of Groundwater6The effect of groundwater on the civil engineering 1 The states of water in the soil and rockPores and fissures of rock and soil provide the void spaces for groundwater storage and transportation. Groundwater can be divided into the following five types according to the physical and mechanical properties of water and the relationship between water and particles.Water vaporAttached water (a,b)Film water (c,d)Capillary waterGravitational water (e)Solid water 1.1 Water vapor and solid waterWater vapor is the steam existing in the pores and fissures of soil and rock with the air. This kind of vapor can come from the atmosphere or evaporation for of liquid water beneath the ground surface. Water vapor has strong activity and flows from the location with high vapor pressure to that with low vapor pressure. Its movement is controlled by many factors, such as the airflow, humidity and temperature, etcfor example. This kind of water would transform into liquid water when the temperature decreases to or the humidity increases to a certain value.Solid water refers to the ice in the pores and fissures of the soil and rock. The liquid water would turn into solid ice when the temperature is below 0℃, and change to liquids again when the temperature increases to more than 0℃. The underground temperature is below 0℃ all year round in northeastern China, plateaus, and high mountains in western China, as a result, groundwater is in the state of solids all the time. 1.2 Attached water and film waterAttached water, i.e. tightly-bound water, is the water attached to the particle surface of soils/rocks. Particle holds the maximum attached water when forming a continuous water film around it. At this time the thi