《基础工程》教学课件 Ch5 Shallow Foundations.pptxVIP

Ch5 Shallow Foundations1 ContentsSpread footingsMatsBearing pressure2 What is shallow foundations?d/b=2.5Shallow foundationsThose transmit structural loads to the near-surface soil.Types:Spread footing foundations (扩展基础)Mat foundations （筏板基础）dbdb3 Spread footingThe most common type of foundationLow cost Ease of constructionMost often used in small to medium-size structures on sites with moderate to good soil conditions.Can even be used on some large structures when they are located at sites underlain by exceptionally good soil or shallow bedrock.4 §2.2 浅基础类型扩展基础刚性基础柔性基础联合基础柱下条形基础箱形基础独立基础柱下交叉条形基础筏形基础按结构型式壳体基础 按基础材料 无筋基础和钢筋混凝土基础 按结构型式5 2.2.1 扩展基础无筋扩展基础 Rigid foundation 砖、石、灰土，素混凝土 材料抗拉强度很低有基础台阶宽高比(刚性角)要求扩展基础(柔性基础)Spread foundation钢筋混凝土要满足抗弯,抗剪和抗冲切等结构要求与材料和荷载有关F?b1b0h0F6 墙下条形基础墙下条形基础柱下钢筋混凝土独立基础Strip foundation钢筋混凝土扩展基础阶梯形基础锥形基础杯形基础7 2.2.2 联合基础矩形联合基础梯形联合基础连梁式联合基础8 2.2.3 柱下条形基础柱下条形基础条形基础的主要受力层深度 ? 3.0bStrip foundation9 2.2.4 柱下交叉条形基础柱下:土质更差,或荷载很大,四面基础相连纵向条形基础横向条形基础Cross Strip footing10 2.2.5 筏形基础土质更差,单独基础联成整体,游泳馆,筏下有肋,板下处理Mat foundation11 applicable conditions of matA general rule of thumbIf spread footing would cover more than 50 percent of the building footprint area, a mat or some type of deep foundation will usually be more economical.The soil or the load are erratic, and are prone to excessive differential settlement.The uplift load are too large for a spread footing to accommodate.Groundwater, waterproofing.Lateral loads are not uniform.12 13 2.2.6 箱形基础有筏、墙和顶板形成箱，整体性更好底板外墙内墙14 15 (Gross) Bearing pressure (基底压力)Definition:The contact pressure between a shallow foundation and the soil .The most fundamental parameter.contents:DistributionComputation16 Distribution of bearing pressureInfluence factors:Eccentricity (load, moment)Structural rigidity of the foundationRoughness of the bottom of the foundationStress-strain properties of the soil17 Computation of bearing pressure??18 Example 5.1?19 Example 5.2?20 Net bearing pressure?21 Floating foundations(补偿性基础)The weigh