系统解剖学英文版教学课件：Endocrine system.pptVIP

Endocrine systemA system of glands, which secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate target tissues of the body. The effects of hormones are slow to initiate, and prolonged in their response, lasting for hours to weeks.Hormones regulate various human functions, including Metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, and mood.Features of endocrine glands are ductless and rich vascularity. Endocrine organs: hypophysis (pituitary)pineal body thyroid glandparathyroid glandsthymus adrenal (suprarenal) glands Endocrine systemEndocrine tissues - endocrine cells located within other organs: HypothalamusIslets of Langerhans of pancreas Ovarian follicles and corpora luteum of the ovary Interstitial tissue of the testes Kidneys (erythropoietin, renin)HeartstomachGutConsists of endocrine organs and tissues . Endocrine system I. Endocrine organs1. pituitary gland Location: in the hypophysial fossa of the body of sphenoid boneDivision: (1) adenohypophysis: pars infundibularisFibrous trabeculapars intermediapars distalis (2) neurohypophysis: infundibular steminfundibular process(Anterior lobe)(Posterior lobe) Hormones produced by pituitary gland : Growth hormone(GH)Thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH),Adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH)Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)Luteinizing hormone(LH) Prolactin (PRL). Vasopressin (VP)Oxytocin1. pituitary gland Secreted hormoneFrom cellsEffect1. Growth hormone (GH)(somatotropin)SomatotrophsStimulates growth and cell reproductionStimulates Insulin-like growth factor 1 release from liver2. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)(thyrotropin)ThyrotrophsStimulates thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) synthesis and release from thyroid glandStimulates iodine absorption by thyroid gland3.Adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH)(corticotropin)CorticotrophsStimulates corticosteroid (glucocorticoid and mineralcorticoid) and androgen synthesis and release from adrenocortical cells4. Beta-endorphinCorticotrophsInhibits perception