系统解剖学英文版教学课件：Introduction of Angiology and heart.pptVIP

Angiology Part four Angiology Also termed circulatory system or vascular system. Include the cardiovascular system and the lymphatic system. Chapter one The cardiovascular systemSection one Introduction I. Composition of the cardiovascular system Heart and blood vessels ( artery , vein and capillary) 1. Heart: pump 2. Artery: Large (elastic)artery, middle (muscular)artery, small artery and arteriole.3. Vein: Large, middle and small veins, venules.4. Capillary: connecting arterioles and venules II. Cardiovascular circuits1. The systemic or greater circulation The course of the blood from the left ventricle through the whole body finally to the right atrium.2. The pulmonary or lesser circulation Its passage from the right ventricle via the lung to the left atrium.3. The difference between the systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation III. Anastomoses1. Forms In addition to artery-capillary-vein , the blood vessels may unite to form the arterial anastomoses , venous plexus or network , arteriovenous anastomoses.2. Collateral circulation The blood circulation is established by the collateral (accessory) vessels. A-AV-VCollateral vessels Section two The heartI. Location Occupies the middle mediastinum between the lungs and the pleurae, enclosed in the pericardium. Approximately 1/3 lies to right of the median plane and 2/3 to the left. II. The cardiac shape One apex , one base , two surfaces , three borders and four sulci1. Cardiac apex : formed by the left ventricle. Situated in the 5th left intercostals space 1-2 cm to the medial of the left mid-clavicular line.2. Cardiac base : directed back and to the right.3. Two surfaces : the anterior (sternocostal ) surface and inferior ( diaphragmatic) surface4. Three borders : right , left and inferior borders5. Four sulci and one crux: coronary ( atrioventricular) groove(sulcus), anterior