国家创新系统中的大学.pptVIP

UNIVERSITIES IN NATIONALINNOVATION SYSTEMS by DAVID C. MOWERY BHAVEN N. SAMPAT School of public policy management 第一页，共五十页。 Outline Introduction What functions do universities perform within national innovation systems? The role of universities in national innovation systems: cross-national data How does university research affect industrial innovation? From “science push” to “technology commercialization” conclusion 第二页，共五十页。 1.Introduction The research university plays an important role as a source of fundamental knowledge and, occasionally, industrially relevant technology in modern knowledge-based economies. Governments throughout the industrialized world have launched numerous initiatives since the 1970s to link universities to industrial innovation more closely. Many of these initiatives seek to spur local economic development based on university research. Science parks, business incubators, seed capital, etc. 第三页，共五十页。 Rather than ivory towers devoted to the pursuit of knowledge for its own sake, a growing number of industrial-economy and developing-economy governments seek to use universities as instruments for knowledge-based economic development and change. In the knowledge-based economy, national systems of higher education can be a strategic asset, if links with industry are strengthened and the transfer of technology enhanced and accelerated. 第四页，共五十页。 Universities throughout the OECD also have been affected by tighter constraints on public funding since 1970. Growth in public funding for higher education has slowed in a number of OECD member states. Faced with increased competition for research funding, and continuing cost pressures within operating budgets during the past two decades, some universities have become more aggressive and entrepreneurial in seeking new sources of funding. Both internal and external factors thus have led many nations universities to promote stronger linkages with industry as a means of strengthening their contribution