精品医学课件-恶性肿瘤完整版.pptxVIP

恶性肿瘤;Key messages Chronic diseases, principally cardiovascular diseases, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes, are leading causes of death and disability but are grossly neglected on the global-health agenda These four diseases are the world’s biggest killers, causing an estimated 35 million deaths each year- 60% of all deaths globally –with 80% in low- and middle-income countries Achievement of the global goal for chronic disease prevention and control would avert 36 million deaths by 2015, and would have major economic benefits The total yearly cost of these interventions in 23 low-income and middle-income countries is roughly US 5.8 billion;Key messages These diseases are preventable. Up to 80% of heart disease, stroke and DM2 and over a third of cancers could be prevented by eliminating shared risk factors, mainly tobacco use, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity and the harmful use of alcohol Unless addressed, the mortality and disease burden from these health problem will continue to increase. WHO projects that, globally, NCD deaths will increase by 17% over the next ten years.;2023/9/12;2023/9/12;2023/9/12;2023/9/12;2023/9/12;2023/9/12;2023/9/12;2023/9/12;2023/9/12;2023/9/12;2023/9/12;2023/9/12;2023/9/12;2023/9/12;2023/9/12;2023/9/12;目录;重点难点;第一节 概述;（一）定义;（二）分类;（三）疾病负担;NEJM：癌症研究200年;第二节 流行特征及危险因素;1. 时间趋势 2. 地区特征 3. 人群特征;时间趋势;地区特征;年龄;年龄;性别;婚育状况;种族;职业;移民;1. 基本情况 2. 肺癌 3. 乳腺癌 4. 肝癌 5. 胃癌;基本情况;基本情况;肺癌;乳腺癌;肝癌;胃癌;1. 基本情况 2. 环境致癌因子 （1）物理因素 （2）化学因素 （3）生物学因素 3.机体内源性因素 （1）免疫、内分泌及社会心理因素 （2）遗传因素 ;基本情况;物理因素;化学因素-烟草;中国的吸烟问题;烟草使用: 对中国的巨大负担;二手烟暴露依然十分严重，72.4%的非吸烟者暴露于二手烟； 调查对象在公共场所和工作场所看到有人在室内吸烟的状况非常严重： 餐馆为88.5%， 政府办公楼为58.4%， 医疗卫生机构、学校和公共交通工具均在35%左右； 67.3%的家庭可以任意吸烟。 ;饮酒;中国的饮酒问题;Definition of Drinkers: drank more 12 standard drinks per year 12.5gm pure alcohol as one standard drink Percentage alcohol of each type of drink: beer 3.9%;wine 11.6%;rice wine 13.6% and liquor 53.3%;Incidence and mortality from stroke by alcohol consumption;膳食因素;生物学因素;机体内源性因素;遗传因