动物生理学肌肉的收缩.pptVIP

Multiple-Wave Summation As frequency of action potentials increase, frequency of contraction increases Action potentials come close enough together so that the muscle does not have time to completely relax between contractions. 本文档共55页；当前第31页；编辑于星期三\2点26分 Incomplete tetanus Muscle fibers partially relax between contraction There is time for Ca 2+ to be recycled through the SR between action potentials 本文档共55页；当前第32页；编辑于星期三\2点26分 Complete tetanus No relaxation between contractions Action potentials come sp close together that Ca 2+ does not get re-sequestered in the SR 本文档共55页；当前第33页；编辑于星期三\2点26分 Energy Sources ATP provides immediate energy for muscle contractions from 3 sources Creatine phosphate During resting conditions stores energy to synthesize ATP Anaerobic respiration Occurs in absence of oxygen and results in breakdown of glucose to yield ATP and lactic acid Aerobic respiration Requires oxygen and breaks down glucose to produce ATP, carbon dioxide and water More efficient than anaerobic 本文档共55页；当前第34页；编辑于星期三\2点26分 本文档共55页；当前第35页；编辑于星期三\2点26分 本文档共55页；当前第36页；编辑于星期三\2点26分 本文档共55页；当前第37页；编辑于星期三\2点26分 Slow and Fast Fibers Slow-twitch or high-oxidative Contract more slowly, smaller in diameter, better blood supply, more mitochondria, more fatigue-resistant than fast-twitch Fast-twitch or low-oxidative Respond rapidly to nervous stimulation, contain myosin to break down ATP more rapidly, less blood supply, fewer and smaller mitochondria than slow-twitch Distribution of fast-twitch and slow twitch Most muscles have both but varies for each muscle Effects of exercise Hypertrophies: Increases in muscle size Atrophies: Decreases in muscle size 本文档共55页；当前第38页；编辑于星期三\2点26分 Slow and Fast Fibers: 本文档共55页；当前第39页；编辑于星期三\2点26分 肌肉组织的生理功能 移动身体 保持姿势 呼吸 机体产热 通信 缩窄器官和血管 心脏跳动 本文档共55页；当前第1页；编辑于星期三\2点26分 肌肉组织的特性 收缩性Contractility Ability of a muscle to shorten with force 兴奋性Excitability Capacity of muscle to respond to a stimulus 伸展性Extensibility Muscle