EPA SEA 战略环境评估.pptVIP

StrategicEnvironmentalAssessmentSheenaWurthmann1

IntroductionwhatSEAisandwhyitisneededhowitcanbeusedasaplanningtoolhowitlinkstosustainabledevelopmentandprojectenvironmentalimpactassessmentlimitationsofSEAwhereSEAisbeingused.??2

WhatisSEATherearemanydefinitionsofstrategicenvironmentalassessment(SEA).SadlerandVerheem(1996)callit:asystematicprocessforevaluatingtheenvironmentalconsequencesofproposedpolicy,planorprogrammeinitiativesinordertoensuretheyarefullyincludedandappropriatelyaddressedattheearliestappropriatestageofdecisionmakingonparwitheconomicandsocialconsiderations.Theriveletal.(1992)defineitas:theformalised,systematicandcomprehensiveprocessofevaluatingtheenvironmentaleffectsofapolicy,planorprogrammeanditsalternatives,includingthepreparationofawrittenreportonthefindingsofthatevaluation,andusingthefindingsinpubliclyaccountabledecision-making.PerhapsthesimplestdefinitionofSEAisthatitistheenvironmentalimpactassessmentprocessappliedtopolicies,plansandprogrammes,keepinginmindthattheprocessofevaluatingenvironmentalimpactsatastrategiclevelisnotnecessarilythesameasevaluatingthemataprojectlevel.3

SEAismeanttobeacontinuoussourceofenvironmentalinformationthroughoutallthestagesofdecision-making,asshownbelow.?Notethatthestagesdonotnecessarilyfollowsoneanother:forinstance,theidentificationofalternativesmayshowthatotheraspectsoftheenvironmentalbaselineneedtobeanalysed.?4

StagesinSEA5

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SEAprocessAsaveryminimum,theSEAprocessinvolves:predictingtheenvironmentalimpactsofastrategicaction;andusingthosepredictionsindecision-making.Ifthosetwobasiccriteriaarenotfulfilled,itisnotanSEA.8

StrategicassessmentSeveralothertermsarealsousedtorefertoenvironmentalassessmentatthestrategiclevel,including