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NBERWORKINGPAPERSERIES
EXAMINERANDJUDGEDESIGNSINECONOMICS:
APRACTITIONERSGUIDE
EricChyn
BrighamFrandsen
EmilyC.Leslie
WorkingPaper32348
/papers/w32348
NATIONALBUREAUOFECONOMICRESEARCH
1050MassachusettsAvenue
Cambridge,MA02138
April2024
ThismanuscriptisinpreparationfortheJournalofEconomicLiterature.Programsanddatafortheempiricalcasestudywillbeprovidedonline.WearegratefulforinsightfulcommentsfromDavidRomerandfouranonymousreferees.Inaddition,wereceivedconstructivefeedbackfromAmandaAgan,EliorCohen,RobCollinson,JasonCook,GordonDahl,JohnEricHumphries,LawrenceKatz,MagneMogstad,SamuelNorris,AurelieOuss,RomanRivera,HenrikSigstad,KameliaStavreva,MeganStevenson,andWinnievanDijk.TheviewsexpressedhereinarethoseoftheauthorsanddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsoftheNationalBureauofEconomicResearch.
NBERworkingpapersarecirculatedfordiscussionandcommentpurposes.Theyhavenotbeenpeer-reviewedorbeensubjecttothereviewbytheNBERBoardofDirectorsthataccompaniesofficialNBERpublications.
?2024byEricChyn,BrighamFrandsen,andEmilyC.Leslie.Allrightsreserved.Shortsectionsoftext,nottoexceedtwoparagraphs,maybequotedwithoutexplicitpermissionprovidedthatfullcredit,including?notice,isgiventothesource.
ExaminerandJudgeDesignsinEconomics:APractitionersGuide
EricChyn,BrighamFrandsen,andEmilyC.Leslie
NBERWorkingPaperNo.32348
April2024
JELNo.C21,C26,C31,C54,K14
ABSTRACT
Thisarticleprovidesempiricalresearcherswithanintroductionandguidetoresearchdesignsbasedonvariationinjudgeandexaminertendenciestoadministertreatmentsorotherinterventions.Wereviewthebasictheorybehindtheresearchdesign,outlinetheassumptionsunderwhichthedesignidentifiescausaleffects,describeempiricaltestsofthoseassumptions,anddiscusstradeoffsassociatedwithchoicesresearchersmust
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