外文翻译--生物测定技术在水质污染问题上的应用--英国的经验.docVIP

毕业论文外文原文 外文题目： The application of bioassay techniques to water pollution problems—The United Kingdom experience 出 处：1989 Kluwer Academic Publishers.Printed in Belgium 作 者： D.W.Mackay,P.J.Holmes C.J.Redshaw 原 文： The application of bioassay techniques to water pollution problems - The United Kingdom experience D. W. Mackay, P. J. Holmes C. J. Redshaw Clyde River Purification Board, Rivers House, Murray Road, East Kilbride, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom Key words: bioassay, water, pollution, effluent, consent, toxicity Abstract The quality of the aquatic environment has long been assessed by chemical analyses and by biological surveillance of plant and animal communities. More recently, the biological response of living organisms has been used to evaluate the environmental impact of aqueous wastes. Laboratory tests on single species have been used widely to evaluate the acute effects of potential pollutants. However, the value of such tests, often conducted on exotic species, is receiving increasing criticism. Measurements of more subtle chronic sub-lethal effects are now showing increasing promise as regulatory tools in environmental assessment and pollution control. The paper reviews the techniques being used, and those currently under development for, the water pollution control authorities in the UK. Practical examples of applications are provided and the future value of bioassays is discussed. Introduction The responsibility for controlling land-based discharges to fresh and saline waters in the United Kingdom is vested in catchment-based pollution control authorities. In England and Wales there are presently ten Water Authorities responsible for all aspects of river basin management, though major changes to their structure are planned. In Scotland there are seven River Purification Boards, which deal solely with water pollution control, and three Islands Councils which, like the Water Authorities, are multi-functional. All these auth