试论我国工伤事故赔偿请求权竞合的制度安排.pdfVIP

摘 要 工伤，是工业革命给人类带来的一个社会问题。工伤事故的救济经历了侵权 赔偿 劳工补偿 工伤保险赔偿三个阶段。这三个阶段前后相继，并以“替代关系” 为常态。工伤事故受工伤保险法律规范调整，具有保险关系性质。但是，工伤事 故法律关系本质上为侵权行为关系，受侵权赔偿法律规范调整。这就引发赔偿权 利人工伤保险赔偿和侵权赔偿请求权的竞合问题。就两者适用关系上，世界范围 内主要有四种模式：选择模式、免除模式、相加模式和补充模式。我国法律没有 明确规定究竟采用何种模式。本文认为，工伤事故法律关系的双重性质为适用“补 充模式”提供了法律关系的前提，与其他模式相比，“补充模式”也更具合理性。“补 充模式”在我国的适用不仅在法律上没有障碍，也是司法实践的迫切需要。在“补充 模式”制度的具体设计上，第三人侵权情形下应先侵权赔偿后工伤保险赔偿；用人 单位侵权、用人单位与第三人混合侵权情形下则应先工伤保险赔偿后侵权赔偿。 适用“补充模式”应注意区 过错程度，赋予赔偿义务人充分的抗辩权，同时应限定 赔偿范围和标准。 关键词：工伤事故 保险赔偿 侵权赔偿 适用关系 1 Abstract Industrial accident is a social problem which industrial revolution brought to human beings. Industrial accident relief develops three stages of tort compensation, labor indemnity and labor insurance ccompensation. Industrial accident is regulated by labor insurance laws and regulations, with the property of insurance. However, the legal attribute of industrial accident is essentially tort, thereafter is regulated by tort compensation laws, which enables oblige to choose between industrial accident insurance compensation and trot compensation request. Over the world, there are four models in the application of industrial accident insurance compensation and tort compensation request : election, crelieving the tortfeasor, cumulation and supplementation model. In our country there is no clear provision to regulate the application of the models. The author thinks in this paper that the dual legal property of industrial accident set the precondition to apply “supplementation Model”. Compared with other models, “Supplementation Model”is more rational and reasonable. There is no barrier in law for “Supplementation Model”to be applied in our country, and it ’s the urgent request for judicial practice.Wha