梅洛-庞蒂深度视觉理论研究.pdfVIP

摘 要 笛卡尔主张，深度视觉是心智思维的结果，是否直接观看到对象并不具有决 定性。而乔治·贝克莱反对将纯粹视觉问题还原为观念符号之间的转换。他认为 深度本身并不可见，不过是经验和习惯长期作用的结果。康德综合了唯理论和经 验论的空间观，认为空间是外部表象可能性条件，不是概念，而是作为整体的感 性直观纯形式。 现代格式塔心理学派察觉到了诸感官能力本质上的内在统一性，深度视觉的 形成依据的是“图-底”关系为基础的知觉“简化原则”。但现代心理学囿于深度 来源于“经验”抑或“先天”的总体性争论和实在论线性因果思维。 梅洛-庞蒂认为，知觉过程是赋予所知觉的感性材料以意义的实践综合行为。 综合的主体是作为知觉和实践场所的身体。深度空间体验只能以身体空间为中心 形成，没有身体就没有空间。深度问题的意义在于帮助我们重新看待关于世界的 原始经验，它是事物保持自身的手段，而非物与物的关系。 物体的存在是一种为目光的存在，而非为思维主体的存在。绘画正是对目光 体验结果的一种完满表达，它本身就是一种哲学的存在方式。哲学的言说只能依 其本源不断地重新开始，哲学和艺术的使命在于感知和反思不断涌现的存在，与 先辈扭打并超越他们。 关键词：空间 深度 身体 绘画 视觉 ABSTRACT In Descartes’ point of view, depth (profondeur ) perception is a result of intellectual thinking, whether directly watching objects is not decisive. But George Berkeley opposed to restore the pure visual problems to the conversion between the concepts of symbols. He believes that the depth itself is not visible, but a consequence of long-term experience and habits. Kant synthesized the concept of space of rationalism and empiricism; he argued that, space is the condition of possibility of the external appearance, it is not a concept, but as a wholly pure form of sinnliche Anschauung (sensible intuition). Modern Gestalt psychology school thought that various sensations is essentially an inherent unity, depth vision depends on “Simplified Principle” of perception which based on the relationship between “figure-ground”. But modern psychology was constrained by realism of the linear causal thinking and the totality debate on depth, which is come from “experience” or “innate”. In Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s theory, perception processes are practical synthesized behavior, which give perceptual sense data meanings. The subject of this synthesize is