高一学生抽象函数学习障碍研究.pdfVIP

摘 要 函数是中学数学重要的基础知识，函数部分结构上具有“一明一暗”两条主 线。所谓“明线”是指函数以具体函数出现，教材中作了较为详尽的分析，学生 在理解掌握上所出现的认知障碍相对较少。 而所谓“暗线”是指对函数y f (x ) 本身的理解和认识，由于这一部分内容 具有抽象性较强的特点，且没有函数的具体解析式，在高中数学教学过程中，通 常称之为抽象函数，即抽象函数是指没有具体函数解析式，具备函数的一些基本 性质（如单调性，奇偶性，周期性等）的函数 抽象函数是中学数学函数部分的难点，在平时的教学以及和同事的交流中都 深深感到学生对于抽象函数的学习存在困难，不太能理解和接受。本研究就是在 这样的背景下，通过问卷、测试、访谈等形式，对高一学生学习抽象函数的障碍 进行了深入细致的调查分析和研究。研究表明，学生在学习抽象函数时存在无从 下手、读不懂题意、不能利用条件、混淆函数值与自变量的关系、不会赋值、忽 略定义域、函数性质不理解、相关知识匮乏、画错图像和态度情感等 10 个方面 的障碍。最后针对这些障碍，提出了相关的建议。 关键词：函数 抽象函数 学习障碍 4 ABSTRACT Function is one o f the fundamental and basic knowledge in Middle and High school mathematics and its structure contains two clues, one called “explicit clue ” and the other “implicit clue”. If functions appear in concrete function expressions and they are analyzed in the way that connects the algebra and geometry figures, then to students, there are relatively fewer cognitive barriers in understanding and mastering. So we call “explicit clue” in such situation. However, as far as “implicit clue ” concerned, it refers to the understanding and recognizing of function y f (x ) as such without the concrete function expression. And during the High School mathematics teaching, such functions mentioned above are named abstract function. Speaking in detail, the abstract function has not the concrete function expression, but it possesses functions ’ basic properties such as parity, monotonic and periodic property. Abstract function is the difficulty of the function part in Middle and High school mathematics. Teachers could recognize deeply that students have trouble in learning abstract function and they are not able to accept and understand