澳门反洗钱现况及其经济学探讨.pdfVIP

摘要 洗钱犯罪，近年已成为世界各国致力合作打击的犯罪，洗钱犯罪所带来的影响，不仅 破坏地区的金融稳定，扰乱金融市场秩序，更会直接为上游犯罪提供资金，成为其他上游 犯罪的主要资金来源，最终形成恶性循环，影响地区的发展。而且，洗钱犯罪亦可能拖累 银行的经营，破坏银行金融业界的诚信，结果导至诚信破产，银行倒闭，造成严重的社会 问题。 澳门在这几年间由于赌业开放的关系，获得世界级财团的投资，赌场尤如雨后春荀般 大量兴建及营运，在连锁效应下，带动其他周边行业的高速发展之余，亦成为澳门经济及 金融发展的〝发动机〞。加上按照「澳门基本法」的规定，澳门不实行外汇管制政策，澳 门特区政府保障资金的流动和进出自由，但随着赌业的开放，正好为洗钱犯罪打开方便之 门，虽然，澳门现时并未出现由于赌业的高速发展而出现的大规模洗钱状况，但俗语有云 〝防范于未燃〞，严格地落实对资金流动的监管，由法律以至整个反洗钱系统的构建，方 可保障澳门地区免受到洗钱犯罪的影响。 本文编写的铺排主要分为两大部份，前半部份将会以整体性地探讨洗钱对于经济及金 融发展所带来的成因及其影响，利用博弈树分析洗钱者与反洗钱监管者之间的博弈；后半 部份将主力针对澳门的现况，阐析及探讨澳门在反洗钱工作上的执行及改善空间。期望透 过是次对澳门反洗钱现况的分析，为澳门的反洗钱研究工作尽一份绵力。 关键词 ：上游犯罪 恶性循环 博弈树 I Abstract Money Laundering is a financial crime, which is attacked by every country all over the world nowadays. Not only does it damage the stabilization of the district financial system and disturb the order of the financial market, but it also provides capital for the predicate crime directly. It will become the crucial channel that provides the other predicate crimes with capital. It will eventually form a vicious circle and influence the development of district financial market. Moreover, the bank and the financial industry may be encumbered by it and thus leads to integrity crash or even close down. Money Laundering can certainly generate more serious problem ultimately. By liberalising gaming ownership, Macau’s gaming industry has been developing at such a tremendous pace that it attracts multitudinous foreign investment pouring into this small city. Therefore, the speed of casino and facility buildup is beyond anyone’s expectation. Under a chain reaction circumstances, the gaming-related businesses are flourishing.