用土壤生物和养分指标表征土壤肥力与可持续性.docVIP

PAGE 34 土壤与环境 Vol.8 No.1 PAGE 35 Vol.8 No.1 沈宏等：用土壤生物和养分指标表征土壤肥力的可持续性 . . 用土壤生物和养分指标表征土壤肥力的可持续性 沈宏1 徐志红2 曹志洪1 (1: 中国科学院南京土壤所开放室，南京210008；2: 澳大利亚林业研究所) 摘要 运用土壤生物和养分指标讨论了不同农田土壤肥力可持续性指数。结果表明，不同施肥处理对土壤肥力可持续性指数有很大影响。有机肥明显提高土壤碳、氮和生物管理指数。单施化肥促进土壤磷、钾管理指数的上升。厩肥比绿肥更有利于提高土壤肥力可持续性指数。与参比土壤相比，化肥处理的土壤肥力可持续性指数平均每年都增长，红壤为5.63，水稻土为5.8，潮土为4.83；而对照处理的土壤肥力可持续性指数平均每年都下降，红壤为5.6，水稻土为6.58，潮土为4.56。不同施肥方式对土壤肥力可持续性指数的影响顺序为有机肥、有机肥配施化肥化肥参比土壤对照。 关键词 生物管理指数；养分管理指数；肥力可持续性指数 Soil Biological and Biochemical Properties Are highly Sensitive to Environmental Stress and thus Can Be Used to Assess the Sustainability of Soil Fertility. Shen Hong1, Xu Zhihong2 and Cao Zhihong1 (1: Nanjing Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008; 2: Australia Forestry Institute). Soil Environ Sci, 1999, 8(1): 31~35 The sustainable fertility index (SFI) in different agroecosystems was discussed by integrating soil nutrients and biological indices. Results indicated that fertilization had great influences on SFI. Organic manure enhanced soil C, N and biological management indices, while chemical fertilizer increased soil P, K management indices. Farmyard manure was better than green manure in raising management index of soil carbon, nitrogen and biology. Compared with the reference, chemical fertilizer enhanced SFI annually 5.63 in red soil, 5.8 in paddy soil and 4.83 in meadow soil, while SFI under the check decreased annually 5.6 in red soil, 6.58 in paddy soil and 4.56 in meadw soil respectively. The order of SFI influenced by different treatments was manure, manure combination chemical fertilizerchemical fertilizerreferencecheck. Key words biological management index; nutrient management index; sustainable fertility index 促进和维持土壤肥力是现代农业可持续发展和满足日益增长人口所需要粮食的根本保障。土壤肥力评价十分复杂，需要考虑土壤的多方面因素，而且要把土壤物理、化学和生物学性质结合起来。由于土壤肥力的高低受施肥、轮作等生产管理措施的影响，因此，土壤肥力可持续性评价必须反映这些措施的影响。土壤肥力可持续性指数的提出意在量化土壤物质、能量的收支平衡，以便对土壤肥力及时评估和进行