化学化工专业英语（ 第三版） 教学课件 作者 符德学 主编 第二课.pptVIP

尚辅网 尚辅网 Lesson Two Chemical Reactions第二课 化学反应 Concept: Chemical reaction is a process that leads to the transformation of one set of chemical substances to another?. Chemical reactions can be either spontaneous, requiring no input of energy, or non-spontaneous, often coming about only after the input of some type of energy, heat, light or electricity?. Classically, chemical reactions encompass changes that strictly involve the motion of electrons in the forming and breaking of chemical bonds, although the general concept of a chemical reaction, in particular the notion of a chemical equation, is applicable to transformations of elementary particles, as well as nuclear reactions.?中 tha引导定语从句，修饰a process。?中either…or …，要么…，要么…；requiring 、 coming about为现在分词作伴随状语 化学反应是使一些化学物质转化为别的物质的过程，化学反应既可以是无需能量自发进行的，也可以是非自发，通常需要外加一些能量如热、光或电力后才发生的反应。经典理论中，仅仅包括了涉及到化学键形成和断裂时的电子运动，虽然一般的化学反应概念尤其是化学方程式的概念适用于基本粒子的转变，同时也适用于核反应。 The substance/substances initially involved in a chemical reaction are called reactants. Chemical reactions are usually characterized by a chemical change, and they yield one or more products, which usually have properties different from the reactants?.Different chemical reactions are used in combination in chemical synthesis in order to get a desired product. In biochemistry, series of chemical reactions catalyzed by enzymes form metabolic pathways, by which syntheses and decompositions ordinarily impossible in conditions within a cell are performed.?中which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰products。 起始参与化学反应的物质被称为反应物。化学反应的特征通常是化学变化，它们产生单一或多种性质不同于反应物的产物。在化学合成中通过组合不同的化学反应，以得到想要的产物。在生物化学中，通常看起来在细胞内的反应条件下不可能发生的一系列合成和分解反应通过酶催化而在代谢中得以完成。 Chemical reactions involve the rupture or rearrangement of the bonds holding atoms together, never atomic nuclei. The total mass and number of atoms of all reactants equals those of all products, and energy is almost always consumed or liberated. Understanding their mechanisms lets chemists alter reaction conditions to optimize the rate or the amount