PRECIPITATION REACTIONSChapter 17 Part 2.ppt

Separating Salts by Differences in Ksp 2. Separation of .10 M CO32- and .10 M C2O42- BaCO3 Ksp=8.1 x 10-9 BaC2O4 Ksp=1.1 x 10-7 Plan: Add Ba2+ until all BaCO3 is ppt, but no BaC2O4 is ppt. a. Calculate [Ba2+] required to ppt. b. Calculate [CO32-] left in solution. The substance whose Ksp is first exceeded will precipitate first. The ion requiring the lesser amount of Ba2+ precipitate first. BaCO3(s) -- Ba2+(aq) + CO32-(aq) .10 x Ksp = [Ba2+][CO32-] 8.1 x 10-9 = (x)(.10) x = 8.1 x 10-8 = [Ba2+] For ppt [Ba2+] 8.1 x 10-8 Separating Salts by Differences in Ksp BaC2O4(s) -- Ba2+(aq) + C2O42-(aq) .10 x Ksp = [Ba2+] [C2O42-] 1.1 x 10-7 = (x)(.10) x = 1.1 x 10-6 = [Ba2+] For ppt [Ba2+] 1.1 x 10-6 Separating Salts by Differences in Ksp For ppt BaCO3 [Ba2+] 8.1 x 10-8 For ppt BaC2O4 [Ba2+] 1.1 x 10-6 Therefore; Start ppt of BaCO3 [Ba2+] 8.1 x 10-8 Max. ppt of BaCO3 [Ba2+] 1.1 x 10-6 At max. ppt of BaCO3, what is the [CO32-] left in solution? Separating Salts by Differences in Ksp BaCO3(s) -- Ba2+(aq) + CO32-(aq) 1.1 x 10-6 x Ksp = [Ba2+][CO32-] 8.1 x 10-9 = (1.1 x 10-6)(x) x = 7.4 x 10-3 = [CO32-] Poor Separation: [CO32-] 10-5 Separating Salts by Differences in Ksp Simultaneous Equilibria 1. If you add sufficient chromate ion to an aqueous suspension of PbCl2, can PbCl2 be converted to PbCrO4? PbCl2 -- Pb2+ + 2 Cl- Pb2+ + CrO42- -- PbCrO4 PbCl2 + CrO42- -- PbCrO4 + 2 Cl- 1.7 x 10-5 1/1.8 x 10-14 9.4 x 108 Yes! Simultaneous Equilibria 2. Can AgCl be dissolved by adding a solution of NH3? Write the overall equation and determine the K value. AgCl -- Ag+ + Cl- Ag+ + 2 NH3 -- Ag(NH3)2+ AgCl + 2 NH3 -- Ag(NH3)2+ + Cl- 1.8 x 10-10 1.6 x 107 2.9 x 10-3 No, unless very high [NH3] Simultaneous Equilibria 3. Can CaC2O4 be dissolved by adding a solution of HCl? Write th