浅析适者生存理论对杰克伦敦《白牙》的影响.docVIP

浅析适者生存理论对杰克伦敦《白牙》的影响 　　Influence of “Survival of Fittest” on Jack London’ White Fang 　　ZHANG Mingfei 　　City College， Kunming Univerisity of Science Technology，Kunming Yunnan 650051 　　【Abstract】Darwin put forward evolution and the idea of “survival of the fittest” in the 19th century. Jack London is one of American naturalistic writer是， and his novel White Fang is based on Darwin’s idea， describing all kinds of contradiction caused by “survival of the fittest” and a tendency of naturalism. The novel reflects human life through animal life， displaying Jack London’s view to the human existent reality. 　　【Key words】survival of the fittest；White Fang；reflection 　　ⅠIntroduction 　　Among American naturalistic writers， Jack London’s ideology is the most complicated one. When he was a young boy， he accidentally heard about the introduction to Max and socialism， and he saw a lot in his eyes about the poor life of working class. Therefore he has a great interest to socialism. At the same time， Jack London shows his extremely enthusiasm to Nietzsche’s philosophy and Spencer’s sociology， and he is influenced by Darwin’s idea of “survival of the fittest” and “nature choose”. He uses Darwinism to explain the contradictions among different classes. He believes the working class is the fittest to survival. 　　All these ideas are reflected in his series of novels on dogs. The most famous one is The Call of the Wild， which is the sister work of White Fang. The hero of White Fang is a part-wolf dog called White Fang， which at last turn to be a real watchdog living in the human world. In this novel， Jack London describes a phenomenon which is the struggle for existence. Darwin’s idea “survival of the fittest” is well expressed in the story. 　　If what The Call of the Wild describes is a kind of degeneration-- a dog changing into a wolf， which implies the degeneration from the civilization to the barbarism， to White Fang it expresses a kind of evolution， which realized by the chan