西直门地铁换乘站人员安全疏散的研究.pdfVIP

第 七 届 全 国 土 木 工 程 研 究 生 学 术 论 坛 东 南 大 学 2009 西直门地铁换乘站人员安全疏散研究 孔维伟，刘栋栋 （北京建筑工程学院土木与交通学院 北京 100044） 摘 要:地铁换乘站人员安全疏散与人的生命安全直接相关，如何有效预防和减少紧急情况下的人员伤亡，尤其是防止群死群伤事 故的发生，愈来愈引起人们的重视。本文以北京地铁西直门换乘站为研究对象，进行了大规模地下交通枢纽行人特征调查，取得 了行人特征的基本参数。依据调查统计分析的结果，应用紧急疏散模拟软件STEPS 建立地铁人员安全疏散的模型，对地铁换乘站 在不同场景下进行了模拟分析研究。计算结果表明西直门地铁换乘站在紧急情况下，站台至站厅的楼梯是整个疏散过程的瓶颈， 而楼梯的疏散能力主要受人员流量和楼梯的有效宽度所制约，据此讨论了人员安全疏散的措施并提出了相应的解决方法。论文的 研究可以为地铁车站建筑设计、疏散预案评价以及地铁性能化防火设计等方面工作提供科学的依据。 关键词:地铁换乘站；安全疏散；计算机模拟 Study on Pedestrian Safety Evacuation at Metro Transfer Station of Xi Zhimen Kong Weiwei ，Liu Dongdong （School of Civil Engineering and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044 ） Abstract: Evacuation in metro transfer station is directly connected with safety of people who are in subway. It is the most important to effectively prevent and reduce casualties of accidents, the subway public security issue caused more and more attentions. This paper aimed at Metro Transfer Station of Xi Zhimen, has been investigated in a large-scale and the basic parameters of human behaviors in stations have been obtained. By the result of investigation statistical analysis, the models of person safety evacuation are built by using emergency evacuation simulation software STEPS (Simulation of Transient Evacuation and Pedestrian Movements), the human evacuation processes of different scenes are simulated efficiently. It is illustrated that the width of the staircase from the platform to the station hall would be the bottleneck in the evacuation procedure, Moreover, The evacuation capacity of staircase is restricted by the personnel flow and the staircase effective width, according to the above, the measures