百日草柱头可授性和花粉生活力的研究.pdfVIP

中国农业科学 2007,40(10):2376-2381 Scientia Agricultura Sinica 百日草柱头可授性和花粉生活力的研究 叶要妹，张俊卫，齐迎春，陈天花，包满珠 （华中农业大学园艺林学学院/ 园艺植物生物学教育部重点实验室，武汉 430070 ） 摘要：【目的】观察百日草花后柱头的形态变化，测试百日草的柱头和花粉的寿命，为提高百日草的人工授 粉效率和杂交育种提供依据。【方法】采用联苯胺－过氧化氢测定柱头可授性、花粉离体萌发试验和田间试验相结 合的方法进行研究。【结果】（1）百日草在 8:30～16:00 开花，花粉生活力为 18 h；（2）舌状花柱头保持膨胀， 花柱挺立可达7～10 d；（3）联苯胺－过氧化氢测定柱头可授性的结果显示，花后1～3 d可授率为79.9%～83.1%， 4～6 d 为 56.1%～63.0%，7～10 d 为 37.0～43.3%；（4）丫状时期、丫状尖端稍弯曲时期、柱状时期田间授粉的 结实率分别为76.3%、48.5%和 36.8%；（5）未经处理的柱头结实率为48.8%，去丫状一裂者为30.9%，去柱头只留 花柱者为 19.9%。【结论】（1）用联苯胺－过氧化氢方法测定百日草柱头可授性可行；（2）花后 2～3 d 柱头丫状 时期进行人工授粉结实率高；（3）柱头顶端的毛状突起增大了吸收花粉的表面积，有利于授粉结实。 关键词：百日草；柱头可授性；柱头形态；花粉生活力；结实率；联苯胺－过氧化氢检验 Studies on Stigma Receptivity and Pollen Viability of Zinnia elegans YE Yao-mei, ZHANG Jun-wei, QI Ying-chun, CHEN Tian-hua, BAO Man-zhu (College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070) Abstract: 【Objective 】In order to improve the effect of hand-pollination in hybridization of Zinnia elegans, the morphological change of stigma was observed and the stigma receptivity and pollen longevity were tested. 【Method 】The benzidine-H O testing 2 2 stigma receptivity, pollen germination test in vitro and the experiment of hand-pollination in the field were adopted in the study. 【Result 】(1) Zinnia elegans blossoms at 8:30-16:00 in daytime and the viability of its pollen is 18 h. (2) When it blossoms, the stigmas of florets stand upright and keep high turgidity for 7-10 days. (3) The stigmatic pollen receptivities on 1-3 d, 4-6 d, 7 d and 10 d are 7