中国西部天然草地疯草生态及动物疯草中毒研究与防控现状.pdfVIP

中国农业科学 2013,46 6 : 1280-1296 Scientia Agricultura Sinica doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2013.06.023 中国西部天然草地疯草生态及动物疯草中毒研究与防控现状 周启武，赵宝玉，路 浩，王姗姗, 张 樑, 温伟利，杨晓雯 （西北农林科技大学动物医学院，陕西杨凌712100 ） 摘要：西部天然草地是中国草地畜牧业的重要生产基地，也是其重要的绿色生态屏障，对维护生态安全和食 物安全，保护人类生存环境，实现草地永续利用，具有重要战略意义。长期以来，由于草地干旱、超载过牧、盲 目开垦等自然和人为因素的影响，以及草地基础建设投入不足和管理滞后，导致草地大面积沙化和毒草化。特别 是近几十年来，草地毒害草的迅速蔓延，造成草地植被群落和生物多样性减少，草地植被单一，沙漠化等生态学 问题，严重影响了草地生态平衡以及牧区畜牧业的可持续发展。“疯草”已成为西部天然草地主要毒害草之首，每 年给畜牧业造成直接经济损失超过几十亿元。本文就中国西部天然草地疯草研究历史、种类与生态分布、毒性灾 害状况、毒性成分与毒性机理、灾害及综合防控技术进行综述，并提出今后疯草研究中应注意的问题，对认识疯 草在天然草地中的生态作用和疯草灾害综合防控具有重要指导意义。 关键词：天然草地；疯草；中毒；毒性灾害；防控 The Research and Control Situation of Ecology and Animal Poisoning of Locoweed in Western Natural Grassland of China ZHOU Qi-wu, ZHAO Bao-yu, LU Hao, WANG Shan-shan, ZHANG Liang, WEN Wei-li, YANG Xiao-wen College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest AF University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Abstract : Natural grassland is an important production base of grassland and animal husbandry, and it is also a very important ecological barrier in China, so it is a great strategic importance for China to maintain ecological and food security and protect survival environment of human beings and fulfill permanent utilization of grassland. For a long time, some natural and human factors lead to grassland desertification and contagious poisonous weeds in the rangeland, such as grassland drought, overgrazing, blind reclamation, shortages of fund and lagging management. Especially in the last few decades, the rapid spreading of poisonous-weeds have caused some ecological problems such as decrease of vegetation community and biodiversity, single vegetation and desertification, and it seriously affects the grassland ecological balance and the sustainable development of local animal husbandry. “Locoweeds” has been a primary poisonous weed in the western natural grassland, and it brings about a billion RMB in economical losses every