安徽巨灾保险制度的研究.docVIP

安徽巨灾保险制度研究  ABSTRACT  安徽巨灾保险制度研究 内容摘要 安徽是我国自然灾害最为严重的省份之一，自然灾害种类繁多、灾害 频发，洪涝、干旱、台风、雪灾等自然灾害给安徽省造成了较大的财产损 失和人身伤亡。这些巨灾风险所带来的巨大损失对安徽经济发展造成了较 大的影响。 安徽目前实行的是以政府财政救灾为主导、社会捐助和保险为辅的巨 灾风险管理模式，主要依靠行政手段进行灾害管理和救助。无论是政府财 政灾害救助，还是社会捐灾害捐助和商业保险赔付在巨灾损失补偿中发挥 的作用极其有限，巨灾损失绝大部分都是由灾民承担。巨灾保险对于巨灾 风险的防范和减灾具有突出作用，但是安徽在 2007 年淮河流域特大洪水和 2008 年初雪灾中的保险赔偿占直接经济损失的比重（即保险补偿率）不到 1%，而世界巨灾保险的赔付率平均水平则达到 36%，更远低于世界上发达 国家 40％的补偿水平。因此，安徽应该借鉴发达国家巨灾保险制度的成功 经验，尽快建立安徽的巨灾保险制度，有效地提升保险业在安徽灾害救助 体系中的地位，对增强安徽应对巨灾损失的能力，构建安徽和谐社会具有 重要的现实意义。 本文在分析安徽巨灾风险及损失状况和巨灾风险可保性理论的基础 上，进一步分析了安徽现行巨灾损失补偿体制存在的问题，安徽建立巨灾 保险制度的必要性和可行性。考察了美国、日本和新西兰三种具有代表性 的国家巨灾保险制度模式及特征，并借鉴国外的成功经验，结合安徽的实 际情况，提出了安徽巨灾保险制度模式的构想以及建立安徽巨灾保险制度 的对策。 关键词： 安徽自然灾害，巨灾风险，巨灾损失分担机制，巨灾保险制度 2 安徽财经大学硕士学位论文 Research on Catastrophic Insurance System in Anhui Abstract Anhui is one of the provinces that are mostly devastated by natural catastrophes. Those natural catastrophes frequently happened and varied in types such as flood, draught, typhoon and snow storm. The great loss caused by catastrophes seriously affected Anhui’s economic development. Anhui is recently running a catastrophic risk management model that is led mainly by the government and supported by social donation and insurance. It mainly depended on the executive ways of managing and aiding the catastrophes. Government fiscal bailout, social donation or commercial insurance payment, their effects are extremely limited. Victims bear most of the catastrophe loss. Catastrophes insurance has outstanding functions on the prevention and lessening of catastrophes. But in the 2007 Huai River watershed extraordinary flood and the snow storm at the beginning of 2008, insurance redemption made up less than 1% of the direct economic loss, which is Insurance compensation rate. While, average loss ration of the world is as high as 36% and lower than 40% the number in developed countries. So, Anhui should learn successful experience of catastrophic insurance systems from developed countries and construct Anhui’s catastrophes i