翻译学第十讲ppt.ppt

Cultural issues in C-E translatoin --Strategies and methods(1) Experience in culture 1. Please give some examples of culture. 2. Please give some examples of cultural translation. Peter Newmark The way of life and its manifestations that are peculiar to one speech community. Newmark P. 2001. A Textbook of Translation. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press. 美国著名翻译理论家尤金·奈达将语言文化特性分五类： 　　1 . Ecology生态学，　　2． Material Culture物质文化，　　3． Social Culture社会文化，　　4． Religious Culture宗教文化，　　5． Linguistic Culture语言文化。 The importance of the role of culture in translation To be bilingual, one has to be bicultural. For truly successful translating, biculturalism is even more important than bilingualim. 对于成功的翻译来说，双文化水平比双语言水平更重要。（Nida,2001:82） It is not surprising that the most serious mistakes in translation are made because of ignorance about the views and values of other culture. 翻译中大部分重要的错误是由于对其他文化的观点和价值的无知造成的。（Nida,2001:286） Nida. E.A.2001 Language and Culture: Context in Translating. 上外出版社/外教社 在处理文化因素中的两种策略 1 . 异化(foreignization; alienation)：以源语文化为中心，以源作者为中心，注意点在于将源语文化传递给译语读者，以促进文化的交流。缺点：增加译语读者理解的难度，阅读的速度、节奏也会受到影响。 2. 归化(domesticatioin; adaptation)：以译入语文化为中心，以读者为中心，将源语文化经过整理，然后以译入语中较为现成的、熟悉的、易于接受的形式出现。缺点：丧失了源语的异国特色。 王夫人因说道：“你舅舅今日斋戒去了，再见罢。……” ‘Your uncle is in retreat today,’ said Lady Wang. ‘He’ll see you another time.’ (Hawkes) Retreat: retirement for a time for relegious meditation (Chambers) “Your uncle’s observing a fast today,”, said Lady Wang.”you will see him some other time.” (the Yangs) Fast: a period during which someone does not eat meat or fish for religious reason 盛宴必散。 Even the best party must have an end. (Hawkes) Even the grandest feast must have an end. (The Yangs) 谋事在人，成事在天。 Man proposes, god disposes. (Hawkes) Man proposes, heaven disposes.(the Yangs) 处理文化因素的一般策略 一般而言，处理文化因素的策略是：文化存真(transmit the authentic culture to the target readership)，特别是在物质文化层面和制度文化层面。 文化存真的翻译技巧 音译(transliteration)； 直译(literal translation)； 音译/直译+解释(explanation