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hurricane impactonthe northeast gulfof mexicoasseenwith（飓风impactonthe东北mexicoasseenwith湾）.doc

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hurricane impactonthe northeast gulfof mexicoasseenwith（飓风impactonthe东北mexicoasseenwith湾）

Hurricane Impacts on the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico as seen with the NOAA AVHRR and SeaWiFS Fred M. Vukovich1, Frank Muller-Karger2, and Bisman Nababan2 1Science Applications International Corporation Raleigh, North Carolina 2Department of Marine Science University South Florida St. Petersburg, Florida Abstract Sea-surface effects of hurricanes Earl and Georges in the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico in 1998 were studied using the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/ Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (NOAA/AVHRR) and the Sea-Viewing Wide Field-of-View Sensor (SeaWiFS) satellite data and in-situ current meter data. In each case, a region of low SSTs was detected to the right of the hurricane’s track by the NOAA/AVHRR. For Earl, the sea surface temperature (SST) decreased by as much as 3.6 °C, and for Georges, by as much as 4.2 °C relative to that prior to the passage of the hurricanes. The lowest SSTs were found near or at the shelf break in each case, suggesting that the shelf slope may have enhanced upwelling associated with hurricanes. In the case of Georges, SeaWiFS detected a doubling in pigment concentration where the lowest SST associated with the hurricane was observed. SeaWiFS also detected a region with discolored water (i.e., large pigment concentrations) immediately south of the shelf break near the Mississippi Delta region, but it was located principally to the left of the hurricane’s path. The spatial mismatch between the SST and ocean color patterns indicated that the discolored water was due to offshore advection of Mississippi River water, rather than in-situ phytoplankton growth. For Georges, both the SST and the turbid features drifted to the southwest and dissipated over a 3- to 4-day period. Introduction Sea-surface temperature (SST) changes associated with the passage of hurricanes are well documented. They range from -1.0 °C to -6.0 °C (Jordan, 1964; Wright, 1969; Fedorov et al., 1979; Pudov et al., 1979; Smith, 1982