从“德国诉意大利”案看国家主权豁免与强行法的关系.docVIP

从“德国诉意大利”案 看国家主权豁免与强行法的关系 学 号：2011301272 姓 名：刘 燚 学 院：国际法学院 专 业：法 学 指导老师：郭红岩 联系方式 从“德国诉意大利”案看国家主权豁免与强行法的关系 摘要: 国家主权豁免与强行法的冲突一直以来为国际法学界所关注，2012年9月，国际法院对“德国诉意大利”一案作出判决,法院认为德国于二战期间入侵意大利，并对意大利公民所进行监禁和强制劳役的行为虽然触犯国际强行法，但因享有国家豁免权而最终不承担相应责任。单从两个规则的法律位阶来看，二者之间似乎不应出现冲突，但是实践中无论是欧洲人权法院、还是国际法院所做出判决都最终认为违反强行法的行为不影响国家享有的主权豁免权。此次国际法院也再次以其判例认定了“违反强行法不能作为国家主权豁免例外”的规则。伴随着国际人道主义法的发展，国际法学界对于强行法的研究开始侧重于侵害基本人权的国际犯罪领域。越来越多的学者也开始呼吁建立新的习惯法规则，强调遵循国际法的规则体系。 为此，本文欲从“德国诉意大利”一案，探讨国家主权豁免和强行法的关系。全文共分为三个部分，首先对国家主权豁免的基本概念和本案相关案情进行介绍；第二部分介绍强行法的法律地位和近年的发展；第三部分通过对本案中国际法院的判决进行分析，探讨国家主权豁免对强行法的挑战。 Abstract: It has been a concern among international law scholars about the confliction of Sovereign immunity with jus cogens. In September 2012, the International Court of Justice entered a final judgment on the case, Germany v. Italy. The court held that although Germany’s actions as invading Italy during World War II, putting Italian citizens imprison and forcing people working violated international law, it did not need to assume corresponding responsibility since Germany enjoyed State immunity.It seems there should not be a conflict between the two party according to the legal hierarchy of the two rules, but in practice, whether the European Court of Human Rights or the International Court of Justice verdict, in their final acts, that violating jus cogens does not affect the countries’ privilege of jurisdictional immunities. And in this case, the International Court once again cognizance the rule that a violation of national sovereignty is not the exception of jus cogens in its precedent. Along with the development of international humanitarian law, international law scholars began to study jus cogens focused on areas of international crime against basic hu