论国际法院对领土争端的有效控制仲裁原则.docVIP

题目：论国际法院对领土争端的有效控制仲裁原则 Title：Theory of the international court of justice for the effective control of the territorial dispute arbitration principles Abstract: In recent years, emerge in an endless stream of territorial disputes between countries, in order to resolve disputes, more and more countries resort to the International Court of justice, peaceful solution through judicial arbitration way. Therefore, discusses the principle of territorial disputes arbitration of the International Court of justice has become more meaningful. The International Court of justice in the trial of disputes ownership of the territory, which is mainly composed of applicable treaty must abide by the principles of law, possession of principle and the principle of effective control. In the application of the treaty will keep the principle and legally possessed principles are unable to make a decision in the case, the effective control principle is an international court to resolve the territorial dispute to the first principle of priority. This paper aims at combining the concrete case, through the analysis of the principle of effective control for the premise of multiple perspectives, with a view to China to give to territorial disputes. 关键词：有效控制 国际法院 仲裁 领土争端 Keywords:Effective control International Court of Justice Arbitration Territorial disputes 　　  引言 近年来，国际法院在解决国家间的领土争端中越来越多地倾向使用有效控制原则，使对有效控制原则的讨论变得更加热烈。我国幅员辽阔，共有邻国十余个，也因此引来更多领土争端问题。如与日本的钓鱼岛争端，与越南、马来西亚、菲律宾等国的南海争端等。特别是日本近来的一系列行为更是把钓鱼岛争端的问题推到了风口浪尖的位置。论其本质，它无非就是想对钓鱼岛构成有效控制，在国际上形成更有利的局势，以便进一步夺取钓鱼岛。那么它这个企图能否达成，就要对有效控制原则的含义及其适用的条件与限制进行深入分析。 一、有效控制原则概述 （一）、有效控制原则的概念 　　自然说的倡导者亚里士多德说：“人生来就是政治的动物。国家的起源，即由于人类繁殖所需的一对男女以及生来就为主人与奴隶的相互保全欲求，自然而然地构成家庭，并由此逐步形成一个自然村。向往美好生活是人类的天性，为了满足这种本性欲望，继而在自然村的基础上自发地建立一个共同体。这一顺其自然发展形成的共同体，就是国家。”① 　　传统国际法认为国家的领土包括领陆、领空、领水和底土，领土主权的取得必须以先占、割让、添附、征服和时效等为依据，而领土的变更则必须以交换、民族自决、全民公投和收复失地等作为具体表现形式。② 　　但由于侵略战争、殖民统治、民族融合等历史与现实等因素影响，国家之间，特别是相邻国家之间的领土划分并不如学理和法理上的那样简单和精确。特别是邻国之间关于领土划分的分歧并不是那么简单和精确的