「字本位」理论与对外华语文教学.PDFVIP

「字本位」理論與對外華語文教學 251 「字本位」理論與 對外華語文教學 簡月娟 摘要 華語文作為第二語言教學，牽涉到語言和文字關係的認知，引 發語言基本結構即「本位」的討論。「詞本位」是當前對外華語文教 學主流；「句本位」也在廣義的「詞本位」之中，兩者皆取法印歐 語法學理。 「字本位」學理針對目前本位教學產生的問題，強調漢字是華 語基本語言單位。在理論方面，華語屬於漢藏語系，為單音節語 言，以方塊為文字外形，重以字形帶字義，故在視覺上以「字」為 最小語素單位，有別於以拼音為書寫方式的印歐語系，故其語法與 教學方法應不盡相同。「字」的地位依「語言知識」和「語言交際 溝通」有所區別；漢字的形、音、義三者相輔相成，具有「以字組 詞」功能，可融合詞彙與漢字教學。 「字本位」理據與教學實驗在大陸已有豐碩成果且在持續建 252 臺東大學人文學報．第 2 卷第 1 期 構。臺灣的正體字較大陸簡化字更具有其學理優勢，可更積極建構 其系列學理並落實於教學方法。 關鍵字：本位、字本位、華語文教學、對外漢字教學 「字本位」理論與對外華語文教學 253 The Relation between the “Character-based” Theory and TCSL Christine-Jian Abstract In the present, the teachers of TCSL (Teaching Chinese as a Second Language) principally adopt “word-based” approach and “sentence-based” approach as their basic principles. To base on the understanding of the different structures between Sino-Tibetan and Indo-European, this paper would like to clarify the definitions included “word-based”, “sentence-based” and “character-based”. It is quite obvious that both “word-based” and “sentence-based” approaches are useful on the one hand but insufficient on the other hand when they are applied to the real teaching occasions. Again, according to the experiment data offered by some scholars, this paper also indicates that “character-based” approach could advance the students’ Chinese degree effectively either speaking or reading. The conclusions are as follows: 1.“Character-based” approach is helpful to combine the high- frequency words and oral/written usage. 2.“Character-based” approach could improve the quality of present-day TCSL. 254 臺東大學人文學報．第 2 卷第 1 期 3.Using traditional Chinese characters in TCSL is the competitive advantage of Taiwan teachers. Keywords: word-based, sentence-based, character-based, TCSL, Chinese Character teaching in TCSL 「字本位」理論與對外華語文教學 255 壹、緒論 隨著華語熱興起，世界各國紛紛將華語文納入外語教學政策， 正是我國語文全球化最佳時機。「華語文教學」是將我國語文作為 第二語言或外國語的教學，其英文為“Teaching Chinese as a Second/ Foreign