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On the Possible Properties of Small and Cold Extrasolar Planets Is OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb Enti.pdf

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On the Possible Properties of Small and Cold Extrasolar Planets Is OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb Enti

a r X i v : a s t r o - p h / 0 6 0 7 2 1 9 v 1 1 1 J u l 2 0 0 6 On the Possible Properties of Small and Cold Extrasolar Planets: Is OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb Entirely Frozen? David Ehrenreich, Alain Lecavelier des Etangs, and Jean-Philippe Beaulieu Institut d’astrophysique de Paris CNRS (UMR 7095) ; Universite? Pierre Marie Curie 98 bis, boulevard Arago 75014 Paris, France ehrenreich@iap.fr and Olivier Grasset Laboratoire de plane?tologie et de ge?odynamique CNRS (UMR 6112) ; Universite? de Nantes 2, rue de la Houssinie?re 44322 Nantes, France ABSTRACT Extrasolar planets as light as a few Earths are now being detected. Such planets are likely not gas or ice giants. Here, we present a study on the possible properties of the small and cold extrasolar planets, applied to the case of the recently discovered planet OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb (Beaulieu et al. 2006). This planet (5.5+5.5 ?2.7 Earth masses) orbits 2.6 +1.5 ?0.6-astronomical units away from an old M-type star of the Galactic Bulge. The planet should be entirely frozen given the low surface temperature (35 to 47 K). However, depending on the rock-to-ice mass ratio in the planet, the radiogenic heating could be sufficient to make the existence of liquid water within an icy crust possible. This possibility is estimated as a function of the planetary mass and the illumination received from the parent star, both being strongly related by the observational constraints. The results are presented for water-poor and water-rich planets. We find that no oceans can be present in any cases at 9–10 Gyr, a typical age for a star of the Bulge. However, we find that, in the past when the planet was . 5 billion years old, liquid water was likely present below an icy surface. Nevertheless, the planet is now likely to be entirely frozen. Subject headings: planetary systems — stars: individual (OGLE-2005-BLG- 390L) – 2 – 1. INTRODUCTION Some 190 extrasolar planets have been detected since 1992.1 Most of these discoveries have been pe