Extracellular role of thioredoxin.docVIP

 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 13 Extracellular role of thioredoxin [Keywords:] thioredoxin; chemokines; inflammation Thioredoxin (thioredoxin, Trx) is a variety of biological functions of a small molecule protein. It thioredoxin reductase and NADPH form the thioredoxin system, has antioxidant, promote cell growth, anti-cell apoptosis and the role of regulation of transcription factor activity. Recent studies have found that, Trx can be secreted into the cells, and extracellular Trx with many diseases. Trx inhibition of extracellular inflammatory response of neutrophils to sites, inhibit the expression of proinflammatory cytokine release. Thus, extracellular Trx can be used as a sign of some diseases, but also has important immune regulatory role. 1Trx function of extracellular Trx molecular weight of 12 kDa, widespread in prokaryotes and the eukaryotes, (1), its active site for the-Cys-Gly-Pro-Cys-.Trx called Interleukin -1-like cytokines, adult T cell leukemia derived factor and the early pregnancy factor. According to Trx position, can be divided into three types: Trx1, Trx2 and Trx3.Trx1 located in cytoplasm, Trx2 located in the mitochondria in, Trx3 sperm cells are mainly in the endoplasmic reticulum. Trx reduction of the mechanisms and the substrate in its binding to X-S2 reduction of protein substrate. Therefore, when the active site cysteine mutation into the two Ser (C32S/C35S), while its reduction activity was lost (2). Trx with a variety of biological activities: anti-oxidation, promote growth, anti-apoptosis and regulation of transcription factor activity (3). Trx can be secreted into the cells, and its extracellular concentration and a lot of diseases. 1.1 extracellular Trx in promoting cell growth and cell protection Trx can be secreted through the pathway into the extracellular non. Wakasugi et al (4) found that, Trx can be T-lymphocytes infected with EB virus secretion, secreted into the extracellular Trx, can promote cell growth. This g