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Configurational forces and shape of a sessile droplet on a rotating solid substrate.doc

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Configurational forces and shape of a sessile droplet on a rotating solid substrate

Theoret. Appl. Mech.,Vol.39,No.1,pp. 27–54,Belgrade2012 Con?gurational forces and shape of a sessile droplet on a rotating solid substrate Vlado A. Lubarda? Kurt A. Talke ? Abstract Theshape ofauniformlyrotatingliquiddropletdeposited onasolid substrate is determined by an iterative numerical integration of the governing nonlinear di?erential equation. The di?erential equation and the boundary conditions are derived by means of the variational analysiswhichdeliverstheexpressionsforthespeci?ccon?gurational force per unit area of the liquid/vapor interface, and the con?gura- tionalforcealongtheliquid/solid/vaporcontactcircle. Ananalytical proof fortheorthogonalityofthespeci?c con?gurationalforcetothe surface of the droplet is constructed. The e?ect of rotation on the droplet’sgyrostaticshapeisdiscussed. Keywords: Con?gurational force, contact angle, droplet, Laplace pressure,linetension,rotation,surfaceenergy,Young’sequation. 1 Introduction Thestudyofaliquiddropletspreadingoversolidsubstratesisafundamental problem in the mechanics of wetting, which facilitates better understand- ing how to modify a surface to make it more or less wettable. This is of great technological importance in the chemical industry (paints, ink, col- oringingredients),mechanicalengineering(lubricationofmachinepartsby ?DepartmentofMechanicalandAerospaceEngineering, UniversityofCalifornia, San Diego;LaJolla,CA92093-0411,USA,MontenegrinAcademyofSciencesandArts,Rista Stijovi′ca5,81000Podgorica,Montenegro,e-mail: vlubarda@ucsd.edu ?DepartmentofMechanicalandAerospaceEngineering, UniversityofCalifornia, San Diego;LaJolla,CA92093-0411,USA 27 28 VladoA.Lubarda,KurtA.Talke oils), electronics (spreading of lubricant droplets on magnetic hard disks, moltensolderspreadinginelectronicpackaging), glassindustry(anti-stain oranti-frosttreatments),soilandrockengineering(extractionofcrudeoilor water),agriculture(wettabilityofpesticidesandherbicides),biology(riseof sapinplants,locomoti