Biosurveillance A Review and Update英文文献资料.docVIP

HindawiPublishingCorporation AdvancesinPreventiveMedicine Volume2012,ArticleID301408,9pages doi:10.1155/2012/301408 ReviewArticle Biosurveillance:AReviewandUpdate NicholasE.Kman andDanielJ.Bachmann 1 2 1 OhioTaskForce1,FEMAUrbanSearchandRescueandEmergencyMedicine,TheOhioStateUniversityMedicalCenter, 4813CramblettHall,456WestTenthAvenue,Columbus,OH43210,USA EmergencyMedicine,TheOhioStateUniversityMedicalCenter,4734CramblettHall,456WestTenthAvenue,Columbus, OH43210,USA 2 CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoNicholasE.Kman,nicholas.kman@ Received30April2011;Revised18September2011;Accepted10November2011 AcademicEditor:ZygmuntF.Dembek Copyright?2012N.E.KmanandD.J.Bachmann. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons AttributionLicense,whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalworkis properlycited. Sincetheterroristattacksandanthraxreleasein2001,almost$32billionhasbeenallocatedtobiodefenseandbiosurveillancein theUSAalone.Surveillanceinhealthcarereferstothecontinualsystematiccollection,analysis,interpretation,anddissemination ofdata.Whenattemptingtodetectagentsofbioterrorism,surveillancecanoccurinseveralways.Syndromicsurveillanceoccursby monitoringclinicalmanifestationsofcertainillnesses.Laboratorysurveillanceoccursbylookingforcertainmarkersorlaboratory data, and environmental surveillance is the process by which the ambient air or environment is continually sampled for the presenceofbiologicalagents.Thispaperfocusesonthewaysbywhichwedetectbioterrorismagentsandthee?ectivenessof thesesystems. 1.Introduction systemfordetecting,con?rming,andreportingbioterrorism agents. Within the LRN, sentinel laboratories are tasked with singling out suspicious specimens for further testing inhigher-tierlabs.Environmentalsurveillanceistheprocess bywhichtheambientairortheenvironmentiscontinually sampledforthepresenceofbiologicalagents[2]. Since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, and th