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Cardiovascular and Renal Links along the Cardiorenal Continuum英文文献资料.doc

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Cardiovascular and Renal Links along the Cardiorenal Continuum英文文献资料

SAGE-HindawiAccesstoResearch InternationalJournalofNephrology Volume2011,ArticleID975782,8pages doi:10.4061/2011/975782 ReviewArticle CardiovascularandRenalLinksalong theCardiorenalContinuum Jos′eA.Garc′?a-DonaireandLuisM.Ruilope HypertensionUnit,Hospital12deOctubre,AvenidaC′ordobas/n,28041Madrid,Spain CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoJos′eA.Garc′?a-Donaire,docdonaire@terra.es Received17August2010;Accepted7February2011 AcademicEditor:C.Ronco Copyright?2011J.A.Garc′?a-DonaireandL.M.Ruilope.ThisisanopenaccessarticledistributedundertheCreativeCommons AttributionLicense,whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalworkis properlycited. Thecardiorenalsyndromeincludesthewidelyknownrelationshipbetweenkidneyfunctionandcardiovasculardisease.Alarge numberofpatientshavevariousdegreesofheartandkidneydysfunctionworldwide,bothindevelopedanddevelopingcountries. Disordersa?ectingoneofthemmostlyinvolvetheother.Suchinteractionsrepresentthepathogenesisforaclinicalconditioncalled cardiorenalsyndrome.Renalandcardiovasculardiseasesharessimilaretiologicriskfactors.Themajorityofvasculareventsare causedbyacceleratedatherosclerosis.Moreover,cardiovasculareventsrarelyoccurinpatientswithoutunderlyingdisease;rather, theytypicallytakeplaceasthe?nalstageofapathophysiologicalprocessthatresultsinprogressivevasculardamage,including vitalorgandamage,speci?callythekidneyandtheheartifthesefactorsareuncontrolled.Chronickidneydiseaseisanovelrisk factorincludedatthisstagethatacceleratesbothvascularandcardiacdamage. 1.Introduction beenshowninseveralepidemiologicdataandclinicalstudies [4]. Moreover, whereas death rates from coronary artery diseasehavefallenby35%inthelastdecadeasaconsequence of control of CV risk factors and optimal therapeutic management,patientswithCKDhavenotaccomplishedthat trendduringthatperiod.Asigni?cantnumberofpatients withCKDdieofCVcomplicationsbeforetheyprogressto end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and renal dysfunction in patientswithprimary