Budding of Enveloped Viruses Interferon-Induced ISG15—Antivirus Mechanisms Targeting the Release Process英文文献资料.docVIP

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Budding of Enveloped Viruses Interferon-Induced ISG15—Antivirus Mechanisms Targeting the Release Process英文文献资料.doc

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Budding of Enveloped Viruses Interferon-Induced ISG15—Antivirus Mechanisms Targeting the Release Process英文文献资料

HindawiPublishingCorporation AdvancesinVirology Volume2012,ArticleID532723,10pages doi:10.1155/2012/532723 ReviewArticle BuddingofEnvelopedViruses:Interferon-Induced ISG15—AntivirusMechanismsTargetingtheReleaseProcess EunJooSeoandJonathanLeis DepartmentofMicrobiologyandImmunology,NorthwesternUniversityFeinbergSchoolofMedicine,Ward4-065, 303E.ChicagoAvenue,Chicago,IL60611,USA CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoJonathanLeis,j-leis@ Received23January2012;Accepted12March2012 AcademicEditor:TrudyMorrison Copyright?2012E.J.SeoandJ.Leis.ThisisanopenaccessarticledistributedundertheCreativeCommonsAttributionLicense, whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalworkisproperlycited. Pathogenicstrainsofvirusesthatinfecthumansareencapsulatedinmembranesderivedfromthehostcellinwhichtheyinfect. Afterreplication,thesevirusesarereleasedbyabuddingprocessthatrequirescell/viralmembranescission.Assuch,thisrepresents anaturaltargetforinnateimmunitymechanismstointerdictenvelopedvirusspreadandrecentadvancesinthis?eldwillbethe subjectofthispaper. 1.BuddingofRetroviruses does not [7],the twoviruses utilize di?erentearlyESCRT complexesasoutlinedhereinafter,andHIV-1andASLVGag cancolocalizewithcholesterol-richmembranes,referredto asrafts.Nonetheless,whencholesterolisdepletedfromcells by treatment with methyl-β-cyclodextrin, release of HIV-1 Gag[8]butnotASLVGag(ZhangandLeis,unpublished) virus-likeparticlesisblocked. Retroviruses,suchashumanimmunode?ciencyvirustype1 (HIV-1)andaviansarcoma/leukosisvirus(ASLV),budfrom cellsusingasimilarmechanism(seeFigure1).Monoubiq- uitination of viral Gag polyproteins, catalyzed by an E1, E2, and E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, is important in the process where the ubiquitin most likely serves as a ligand for assembly of various protein budding complexes [1– 5]. A recent study, however, has presented evidence that eitherubiquitinationofGagorubiquitinationoftransacting proteinscanbeusedtoassembledownstreamvirus-budding complex