Central and Peripheral GABAA Receptor Regulation of the Heart Rate Depends on the Conscious State of the Animal英文文献资料.docVIP

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Central and Peripheral GABAA Receptor Regulation of the Heart Rate Depends on the Conscious State of the Animal英文文献资料.doc

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Central and Peripheral GABAA Receptor Regulation of the Heart Rate Depends on the Conscious State of the Animal英文文献资料

HindawiPublishingCorporation AdvancesinPharmacologicalSciences Volume2011,ArticleID578273,10pages doi:10.1155/2011/578273 ReviewArticle CentralandPeripheralGABAAReceptorRegulationof theHeartRateDependsontheConsciousStateoftheAnimal BoHjorthBentzenandMortenGrunnet NeuroSearchA/S,Pederstrupvej93,2750Ballerup,Denmark CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoMortenGrunnet,mgr@neurosearch.dk Received8June2011;Accepted5September2011 AcademicEditor:KeithWa?ord Copyright?2011B.H.BentzenandM.Grunnet. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons AttributionLicense,whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalworkis properlycited. IntuitivelyonemightexpectthatactivationofGABAergicinhibitoryneuronsresultsinbradycardia.Inconsciousanimalsthe opposite e?ect is however observed. GABAergic neurons in nucleus ambiguus hold the ability to control the activity of the parasympathetic vagus nerve that innervates the heart. Upon GABA activation the vagus nerve will be inhibited leaving less parasympatheticimpactontheheart.Thepictureishoweverblurredinthepresenceofanaesthesiawhereboththeconcentration andtypeofanaestheticscanresultindi?erente?ectsonthecardiovascularsystem.Thispaperreviewscardiovascularoutcomes ofGABAactivationandincludesownexperimentsonanaesthetizedanimalsandisolatedhearts.Inconclusion,theimpactof changesinGABAergicinputisverydi?culttopredictinthesesettings,emphasizingtheneedforexperimentsperformedin consciousanimalswhenaimingatdeterminingthecardiovasculare?ectsofcompoundsactingonGABAergicneurons. 1.Introduction therebyparticipateinthecontrolofvasculartonusandblood pressure,whichre?exivelyhase?ectsonheartrate[9]. GABA receptors come in two di?erent families: Iono- tropicGABAAreceptorsandmetabotropicGABABreceptors. AdescriptionoftheG-protein-coupledGABABreceptorsis beyondthescopeofthepresentpaper. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurons are the majorcontributortoneuronalinhibitioninthebrain.The activityofGABA