Do Seabirds Differ from Other Migrants in Their Travel Arrangements On Route Strategies of Cory’s Shearwater during Its Trans-Equatorial Journey 英文参考文献.docVIP

DoSeabirdsDifferfromOtherMigrantsinTheirTravel Arrangements?OnRouteStrategiesofCory’sShearwater duringItsTrans-EquatorialJourney MariaP.Dias1,2*,Jose′ P.Granadeiro3,PauloCatry1,2 1Eco-Ethology Research Unit, Instituto Universita′rio de Cie?ncias Psicolo′gicas, Sociais e da Vida, Lisboa, Portugal, 2Museu Nacional Histo′ria Natural e da Cie?ncia, UniversidadedeLisboa,Lisboa,Portugal,3CentrodeEstudosdoAmbienteedoMar,MuseuNacionaldeHisto′riaNaturaledaCie?ncia,Lisboa,Portugal Abstract Long-distancemigrantshavedevelopeddiversestrategiestodealwiththechallengesimposedbytheirannualjourneys. Thesearerelativelywellstudiedinsomeaviangroups,suchaspasserines,shorebirdsandraptors.Incontrast,fewstudies have addressed the migratory behaviour of pelagic birds in the light of current theories of optimal migration. Using a dataset of 100 complete migratory tracks gathered along four years, we performed a detailed study on the migratory strategy of a pelagic trans-equatorial migrant, the Cory’s shearwater Calonectris diomedea. We analysed daily routines, stopoverecologyandtravelspeed,aswellastheinfluenceofthemoononseveralbehaviouralpatterns.Cory’sshearwaters adopted a ‘‘fly-and-forage’’ strategy when migrating, similarly to what has been observed in some raptors. However, by flying by dynamic soaring, shearwaters attained high overall migration speeds, and were able to travel thousands of kilometres without making major stopovers and, apparently, without a noticeable pre-migratory fattening period. Other majorfindingsofthisstudyincludetheabilitytoadaptdailyscheduleswhencrossingmajorecologicalbarriers,andthe constantadjustmentofmigrationspeedimplyinghigherratesoftravelinthepre-breedingmovement,withafinalsprintto thenestingcolony.ThepresentstudyalsohighlightsapreferenceofCory’sshearwatersforstartingtravelattwilightand documentsastrongrelationshipbetweentheirmigratoryactivityandthemoonphase. Citation:DiasMP,GranadeiroJP,CatryP(2012)DoSeabirdsDifferfromOtherMigrantsinTheirTravelArrangeme