Emil Wolfgang Menzel, Jr. (1929–2012) Chimpanzee Renaissance Man 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Emil Wolfgang Menzel, Jr. (1929–2012) Chimpanzee Renaissance Man 英文参考文献.doc

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Emil Wolfgang Menzel, Jr. (1929–2012) Chimpanzee Renaissance Man 英文参考文献

Obituary EmilWolfgangMenzel,Jr.(1929–2012):Chimpanzee RenaissanceMan WilliamD.Hopkins1,2*,DavidA.Washburn1 1NeuroscienceInstitute,DepartmentofPsychologyandLanguageResearchCenter,GeorgiaStateUniversity,Atlanta,Georgia,UnitedStatesofAmerica,2Divisionof DevelopmentalandCognitiveNeuroscience,YerkesNationalPrimateResearchCenter,Atlanta,Georgia,UnitedStatesofAmerica Emil Wolfgang Menzel, Jr., died April 7th,2012,andwithhispassing,thefieldof psychology and primatology lost a true icon. In many ways, Emil’s pioneering observations and research laid the foun- dation and set the precedent for many contemporary research topics in psychol- ogyandprimatologyincludingnon-verbal and gestural communication, theory-of- mind (before this was the fashionable term),andbehavioraleconomics.Hiskeen eye and critical mind, coupled with his sense of fairness, objectivity, and dry wit willbegreatlymissed. his keen observations, Emil was able to describethesophisticatedmeansbywhich thechimpanzeeswouldlearntofollowor usesocialcuesofthe‘‘knower’’chimpan- zeetomakeinferencesaboutthelocation of the object or other properties of the stimuli.Thisworklaidthefoundationfor his seminal papers on cognitive mapping andtherepresentationofspace[1,2]. AnothersetoflandmarkstudiesbyEmil involved his descriptions of cooperative tooluseincaptivechimpanzees[3].Asthe storywastoldtous,whileworkingatthe Tulane Primate Center, a number of chimpanzees had learned to escape from their enclosure. Interestingly, the escapes almostalwaysoccurredaftertheresearch- ers and care staff had left for the day, suggesting that the apes were inhibiting their behavior until circumstances were ripeforabreakout.Tofindoutwhatthe chimpanzeesweredoingintheireffortsto escape, Emil and his colleagues set up a cameratofilmtheirbehaviorwhilenoone was present. As it turned out, the chim- panzees were dragging long branches to EmilMenzelwasborninIndiain1929 toIdaandEmilSr.Acuriouschild,Emil’s parents,bothmissionaries,encouragedhis interest