Evolutionary History of the HAP2GCS1 Gene and Sexual Reproduction in Metazoans 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Evolutionary History of the HAP2GCS1 Gene and Sexual Reproduction in Metazoans 英文参考文献.doc

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Evolutionary History of the HAP2GCS1 Gene and Sexual Reproduction in Metazoans 英文参考文献

EvolutionaryHistoryoftheHAP2/GCS1GeneandSexual ReproductioninMetazoans RobertE.Steele*,CatherineE.Dana DepartmentofBiologicalChemistryandtheDevelopmentalBiologyCenter,UniversityofCaliforniaIrvine,Irvine,California,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract TheHAP2/GCS1genefirstappearedinthecommonancestorofplants,animals,andprotists,andisrequiredinthemale gameteforfusiontothefemalegameteintheunicellularorganismsChlamydomonasandPlasmodium.Wehaveidentifieda HAP2/GCS1geneinthegenomesequenceofthespongeAmphimedonqueenslandica.Thisfindingprovidesacontinuous evolutionaryhistoryofHAP2/GCS1fromunicellularorganismsintothemetazoanlineage.DivergentversionsoftheHAP2/ GCS1genearealsopresentinthegenomesofsomebutnotallarthropods.ByexaminingtheexpressionoftheHAP2/GCS1 geneinthecnidarianHydra,wehavefoundthefirstevidencesupportingthehypothesisthatHAP2/GCS1wasusedformale gametefusionintheancestorofextantmetazoansandthatitretainsthatfunctioninmoderncnidarians. Citation:SteeleRE,DanaCE(2009)EvolutionaryHistoryoftheHAP2/GCS1GeneandSexualReproductioninMetazoans.PLoSONE4(11):e7680.doi:10.1371/ journal.pone.0007680 Editor:JasonE.Stajich,UniversityofCalifornia,Riverside,UnitedStatesofAmerica ReceivedAugust27,2009;AcceptedOctober6,2009;PublishedNovember3,2009 Copyright: ? 2009 Steele, Dana. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalauthorandsourcearecredited. Funding:Theprojectdescribedwassupportedbygrant1R24GM080537-01A1toR.E.S.fromtheNationalInstitutesofHealth.Thefundershadnoroleinstudy design,datacollectionandanalysis,decisiontopublish,orpreparationofthemanuscript. CompetingInterests:Theauthorshavedeclaredthatnocompetinginterestsexist. *E-mail:resteele@ Introduction Results HAP2/GCS1IsPresentinSpongesbutAbsentfrom Trichoplax Theevolutionaryhistoryofthemachineryofsexualreproduc- tioninmetazoanshasnotyetbeenexploredindetail.Particularly lacking is informa