Reappraising Sexual Coevolution and the Sex Roles 英文参考文献.docVIP

Primer 1 ReappraisingSexualCoevolutionandtheSexRoles RussellBonduriansky1,2 * 1EvolutionandEcologyResearchCentre,UniversityofNewSouthWales,Sydney,NewSouthWales,Australia,2SchoolofBiological,Earth,andEnvironmentalSciences, UniversityofNewSouthWales,Sydney,NewSouthWales,Australia The history of evolutionary biology illustrates how theory shapes what we see and don’t see in nature. Over the past 30 years, theoretical reappraisals in two areas of evolutionary research—sexualcoevolutionandthesexroles—havechallenged longstanding ideas and yielded rich harvests of startling observa- tions.Thisprocesscontinuesapace. withDarwin’sideas(nowframedinthelanguageofgenetics),both sexual competition among males and female mate choice were generally seen as selecting on male genetic quality [6], and contributing to the spread of ‘‘good genes’’. Females were expected to choose males based on the quality of males’ sexual displays (courtship dances or songs, bright colours, etc.), because malescapableofproducinganattractivedisplaywereassumedto conferbothindirectbenefits(enhancedoffspringfitness)anddirect benefits(e.g.,lowriskofsexuallytransmitteddisease). TheLegacyofDarwinandBateman Charles Darwin[1,2]handed usapicture ofcompetitionas a constructive process responsible for adaptation to the environ- ment, as well as the evolution of striking sexual displays and weapons. Darwin believed that sexual competition promotes adaptation by helping to weed out poor-quality males from the breeding pool and bringing about assortative pairing between high-qualitymalesandfemales. AReappraisalofSexualCoevolution Beginninginthelate1970s,newideasincreasinglychallenged both the view of sexual competition as facilitator of viability- enhancing adaptation, and the ‘‘typical’’ sex roles defined by DarwinandBateman.AcorollaryoftheDarwin-Batemanmodel of the sex roles is that males indiscriminately seeking additional mating partners will often encounter females that resist mating. Theresultissexualcon