Reliability of Synaptic Transmission at the Synapses of Held In Vivo under Acoustic Stimulation 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Reliability of Synaptic Transmission at the Synapses of Held In Vivo under Acoustic Stimulation 英文参考文献.doc

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Reliability of Synaptic Transmission at the Synapses of Held In Vivo under Acoustic Stimulation 英文参考文献

ReliabilityofSynapticTransmissionattheSynapsesof HeldInVivounderAcousticStimulation BernhardEnglitz1,2.,SandraTolnai2.¤,MareiTyplt2,Ju¨rgenJost1,RudolfRu¨bsamen2* 1MaxPlanckInstituteforMathematicsintheSciences,Leipzig,Germany,2FacultyofBiosciences,PharmacyandPsychology,UniversityofLeipzig,Leipzig,Germany Abstract Background:ThegiantsynapsesofHeldplayanimportantroleinhigh-fidelityauditoryprocessingandprovideamodel systemforsynaptictransmissionatcentralsynapses.Whethertransmissionofactionpotentialscanfailatthesesynapses hasbeeninvestigatedinrecentstudies.AttheendbulbsofHeldintheanteroventralcochlearnucleus(AVCN)aconsistent pictureemerged,whereasatthecalyxofHeldinthemedialnucleusofthetrapezoidbody(MNTB)resultsonthereliability of transmission remain inconsistent. In vivo this discrepancy could be due to the difficulty in identifying failures of transmission. Methods/Findings: We introduce a novel method for detecting unreliable transmission in vivo. Based on the temporal relationshipbetweenacells’waveformandotherpotentialsintherecordings,astatisticaltestisdevelopedthatprovidesa balanceddecisionbetweenthepresenceandtheabsenceoffailures.Itsperformanceisquantifiedusingsimulatedvoltage recordings and found to exhibit a high level of accuracy. The method was applied to extracellular recordings from the synapsesofHeldinvivo.AtthecalycesofHeldfailuresoftransmissionwerefoundonlyrarely.Bycontrast,attheendbulbs of Held in the AVCN failures were found under spontaneous, excited, and suppressed conditions. In accordance with previousstudies,failuresoccurredmostabundantlyinthesuppressedcondition,suggestingaroleforinhibition. Conclusions/Significance: Under the investigated activity conditions/anesthesia, transmission seems to remain largely unimpededintheMNTB,whereasintheAVCNtheoccurrenceoffailuresisrelatedtoinhibitionandcouldbethebasis/ result of computational mechanisms for temporal processing. More generally, our approach provides a formal tool for studyingthereliabilityoftrans