Restricted gene flow at the micro- and macro-geographical scale in marble trout based on mtDNA and microsatellite polymorphism 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Restricted gene flow at the micro- and macro-geographical scale in marble trout based on mtDNA and microsatellite polymorphism 英文参考文献.doc

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Restricted gene flow at the micro- and macro-geographical scale in marble trout based on mtDNA and microsatellite polymorphism 英文参考文献

Pujolaretal.FrontiersinZoology2011,8:7 /content/8/1/7 RESEARCH OpenAccess Restrictedgeneflowatthemicro-andmacro- geographicalscaleinmarbletroutbasedon mtDNAandmicrosatellitepolymorphism JoséMPujolar1*?,AlviseNLucarda2?,MauroSimonato3andTomasoPatarnello4 Abstract Background:ThegeneticstructureofthemarbletroutSalmotruttamarmoratus,anendemicsalmonidof northernItalyandtheBalkanpeninsula,wasexploredatthemacro-andmicro-scalelevelusingacombinationof mitochondrialDNA(mtDNA)andmicrosatellitedata. Results:Sequencevariationinthemitochondrialcontrolregionshowedthepresenceofnonindigenous haplotypesindicativeofintrogressionfrombrowntroutintomarbletrout.Thiswasconfirmedusingmicrosatellite markers,whichshowedahigherintrogressionatnuclearlevel.Microsatellitelocirevealedastronggenetic differentiationacrossthegeographicalrangeofmarbletrout,whichsuggestsrestrictedgeneflowbothatthe micro-geographic(withinrivers)andmacro-geographic(amongriversystems)scale.ApatternofIsolation-by- Distancewasfound,inwhichgeneticsampleswerecorrelatedwithhydrographicdistances.AgeneralWest-to-East partitionofthemicrosatellitepolymorphismwasobserved,whichwassupportedbythegeographicdistributionof mitochondrialhaplotypes. Conclusion:Whileintrogressionatbothmitochondrialandnuclearlevelisunlikelytoresultfromnaturalmigration andmightbetheconsequenceofcurrentrestockingpractices,thepatternofgeneticsubstructuringfoundat microsatelliteshasbeenlikelyshapedbyhistoricalcolonizationpatternsdeterminedbythegeologicalevolutionof thehydrographicnetworks. Introduction heterogeneity at the mitochondrial DNA level among Freshwaterfishspeciesshowagreateraveragedegreeof populations of the pan-European brown trout Salmo geneticdifferentiationamonglocationsthanmarinespe- trutta,whichleadtothedefinitionoffivedistinctevolu- cies, often resulting from the isolation of fish popula- tionary lineages: four of them, the Adriatic (AD), the tions among drainages [1]. The marked zoogeography Atlantic(AT),theDanube(DA)andtheMediter