Retrieving Leaf Area Index (LAI) Using Remote Sensing Theories, Methods and Sensors 英文参考文献.docVIP

Sensors 2009, 9, 2719-2745; doi:10.3390/OPEN ACCESS sensors ISSN 1424-8220 /journal/sensors Review Retrieving Leaf Area Index (LAI) Using Remote Sensing: Theories, Methods and Sensors Guang Zheng and L. Monika Moskal * Remote Sensing and Geospatial Analysis Laboratory and Precision Forestry Cooperative, College of Forest Resources, University of Washington, Box 352100, Seattle, Washington, USA 98195-2100; E-Mail: guangz@ (G.Z.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: lmmoskal@; Tel.: +1-206-221 6391; Fax: +1-206-685-3091 Received: 25 November 2008; in revised form: 3 April 2009 / Accepted: 17 April 2009 / Published: 17 April 2009 Abstract: The ability to accurately and rapidly acquire leaf area index (LAI) is an indispensable component of process-based ecological research facilitating the understanding of gas-vegetation exchange phenomenon at an array of spatial scales from the leaf to the landscape. However, LAI is difficult to directly acquire for large spatial extents due to its time consuming and work intensive nature. Such efforts have been significantly improved by the emergence of optical and active remote sensing techniques. This paper reviews the definitions and theories of LAI measurement with respect to direct and indirect methods. Then, the methodologies for LAI retrieval with regard to the characteristics of a range of remotely sensed datasets are discussed. Remote sensing indirect methods are subdivided into two categories of passive and active remote sensing, which are further categorized as terrestrial, aerial and satellite-born platforms. Due to a wide variety in spatial resolution of remotely sensed data and the requirements of ecological modeling, the scaling issue of LAI is discussed and special consideration is given to extrapolation of measurement to landscape and regional levels