Selection for Unequal Densities of σ70 Promoter-Like Signals in Different Regions of Large Bacterial Genomes 英文参考文献.docVIP

SelectionforUnequalDensitiesofr70 Promoter-LikeSignalsinDifferent RegionsofLargeBacterialGenomes Araceli M.Huerta1*,M. Pilar Francino2,Enrique Morett3,Julio Collado-Vides1 1CentrodeCienciasGeno′micas,UniversidadNacionalAuto′nomadeMe′xico,Cuernavaca,Me′xico,2EvolutionaryGenomicsProgram,DepartmentofEnergyJointGenome Institute, and Genomics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Walnut Creek, California, United States of America, 3 Departamento de Ingenier?′a Celular y Biocata′lisis, InstitutodeBiotecnolog?′a,UniversidadNacionalAuto′nomadeMe′xico, Cuernavaca,Me′xico The evolutionary processes operating in the DNA regions that participate in the regulation of gene expression are poorly understood. In Escherichia coli, we have established a sequence pattern that distinguishes regulatory from nonregulatoryregions.Thedensityofpromoter-likesequences, thatcould berecognizablebyRNApolymerase and may function as potential promoters, is high within regulatory regions, in contrast to coding regions and regions located between convergently transcribed genes. Moreover, functional promoter sites identified experimentally are often found in the subregions of highest density of promoter-like signals, even when individual sites with higher bindingaffinityforRNApolymeraseexistelsewherewithintheregulatoryregion.Inordertoseethegeneralityofthis pattern,wehaveanalyzed43additionalgenomesbelongingtomostestablishedbacterialphyla.Differentialdensities betweenregulatoryandnonregulatoryregionsaredetectableinmostoftheanalyzedgenomes,withtheexceptionof thosethathaveevolvedtowardextremegenomereduction.Thus,presenceofthispatternfollowsthatofgenesand othergenomicfeaturesthatrequireweakselectiontobeeffectiveinordertopersist.Onthisbasis,wesuggestthatthe lossofdifferentialdensitiesinthereducedgenomesofhost-restrictedpathogensandsymbiontsisanoutcomeofthe processofgenomedegradationresultingfromthedecreasedefficiencyofpurifyingselectioninhighlystructuredsmall populations. This implies th