Sources of Dietary Protein in Relation to Blood Pressure in a General Dutch Population 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Sources of Dietary Protein in Relation to Blood Pressure in a General Dutch Population 英文参考文献.doc

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Sources of Dietary Protein in Relation to Blood Pressure in a General Dutch Population 英文参考文献

SourcesofDietaryProteininRelationtoBloodPressure inaGeneralDutchPopulation WiekeAltorf-vanderKuil1,2,3*,Marie¨lleF.Engberink1,2,MoniekM.Vedder2,3,JolandaM.A.Boer3,W.M. MoniqueVerschuren3,JohannaM.Geleijnse1,2 1Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands, 2Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands, 3National InstituteforPublicHealthandtheEnvironment(RIVM),Bilthoven,TheNetherlands Abstract Background:Littleisknownabouttherelationofdifferentdietaryproteintypeswithbloodpressure(BP).Weexamined whetherintakeoftotal,plant,animal,dairy,meat,andgrainproteinwasrelatedtoBPinacrosssectionalcohortof20,820 Dutchadults,aged20–65yandnotusingantihypertensivemedication. Design:MeanBPlevelswerecalculatedinquintilesofenergy-adjustedproteinwithadjustmentforage,sex,BMI,education, smoking, and intake of energy, alcohol, and other nutrients including protein from other sources. In addition, mean BP differenceaftersubstitutionof3en%carbohydratesorMUFAwithproteinwascalculated. Results: Total protein and animal protein were not associated with BP (ptrend=0.62 and 0.71 respectively), both at the expenseofcarbohydratesandMUFA.SystolicBPwas1.8mmHglower(ptrend,0.01)inthehighest(.36g/d)thaninthe lowest(,27g/d)quintileofplantprotein.Thisinverseassociationwaspresentbothattheexpenseofcarbohydratesand MUFA and more pronounced in individuals with untreated hypertension (23.6mmHg) than in those with normal (+0.1mmHg)orprehypertensiveBP(20.3mmHg;pinteraction,0.01).MeatandgrainproteinwerenotrelatedtoBP.Dairy proteinwasdirectlyassociatedwithsystolicBP(+1.6mmHg,ptrend,0.01),butnotwithdiastolicBP(ptrend =0.24). Conclusions: Total protein and animal protein were not associated with BP in this general untreated Dutch population. PlantproteinmaybebeneficialtoBP,especiallyinpeoplewithelevatedBP.However,becausehighintakeofplantprotein maybeamarkerofahealthydietandlifestyleingeneral,confirmationfromrandomizedcontrolledtrialsiswarranted. Citation:Altorf–vand